Smart cement rheological and piezoresistive behavior for oil well applications

Vipulanandan, C.; Mohammed, Ahmed Salih

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2015.08.015

Cited by 78 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In order to stabilize the borehole polymer drilling fluid was used drill the rest of the hole. The electrical resistance changes observed during the placement of the drilling fluid and cement was very similar to the laboratory model test (Vipulanandan et al 2015 (c)). The steel casing with external instrumentation was lowered into the borehole and the changes in the resistance was started to be monitored.…”

Section: Installationsupporting

confidence: 65%

Field Test for Real Time Monitoring of Piezoresistive Smart Cement to Verify the Cementing Operations

Vipulanandan

Ali

Basirat

et al. 2016

Day 1 Mon, May 02, 2016

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In this study, a field well was installed and cemented using the smart cement mixture with enhanced piezoresistive properties. The field well was designed, built, and used to demonstrate the concept of real time monitoring of the flow of drilling mud and smart cement and hardening of the cement in place. The well was installed in soft swelling clay soils to investigate the sensitivity of the smart oil well cement. A new method has been developed to measure the electrical resistivity of the materials using the two probe method. Using the new concept, it has been proven that the resistivity dominated the behavior of drilling fluid and smart cement. LCR meters (measures the inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R)) were used at 300 kHz frequency to measure the changes in resistance. The well instrumentation was outside the casing with 120 probes, 18 strain gages and 9 thermocouples. The strain gages and thermocouples were used to compare the sensitivity of these instruments to the two probe resistance measure in-situ in the cement. The electric probes used to measure the resistance were placed vertically at 15 levels and each level had eight horizontal probes.Change in the resistance of hardening cement was continuously monitored since the installation of the field well for over 100 days. Also, a method to predict the changes in electrical resistance of the hardening cement outside the casing (Electrical Resistance Model -ERM) with time has been developed. The ERM predicted the changes in the electrical resistances of the hardening cement outside the cemented casing very well. In addition, the pressure testing showed the piezoresistive response of the hardened smart cement and a piezoresistive model has been developed to predict the pressure in the casing from the change in resistivity in the smart cement.

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Section: Installationsupporting

confidence: 65%

Field Test for Real Time Monitoring of Piezoresistive Smart Cement to Verify the Cementing Operations

Vipulanandan

Ali

Basirat

et al. 2016

Day 1 Mon, May 02, 2016

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“…where, µ (cP) is viscosity, λ c (s) characteristic relaxation time, [51][52][53], and hydraulic fracturing fluids [54], which compared to the power law based models is also able to predict the rheological behavior of the evaluated fluid at certain experimental conditions, as well as to estimate the maximum stress reached by the tested fluid at relatively high shear rates values. Hence, it was decided to use the Vipulanandan model for describing the breakdown flow curves of the EHO-Carrier-fluid and EHO-Nanofluid systems obtained through the hysteresis loop tests, in order to acquire additional information concerning the distinct EHO rheological properties modification derived from the final formulated carrier fluid and nanofluid addition.…”

Section: Rheological Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nanofluids for Perdurability in Viscosity Reduction of Extra-Heavy Oils

Montes

Orozco²,

Taborda

et al. 2019

Energies

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The primary objective of this study is the development of nanofluids based on different diluent/dispersant ratios (DDR) for extra-heavy oil (EHO) viscosity reduction and its perdurability over time. Different diluents such as xylene, diesel, n-pentane, and n-heptane were evaluated for the formulation of the carrier fluid. Instability of asphaltenes was assessed for all diluents through colloidal instability index (CII) and Oliensis tests. Rheology measurements and hysteresis loop tests were performed using a rotational rheometer at 30 °C. The CII values for the alkanes type diluents were around 0.57, results that were corroborated with the Oliensis tests as asphaltenes precipitation was observed with the use of these diluents. This data was related to the viscosity reduction degree (VRD) reported for the different diluents. With the use of the alkanes, the VRD does not surpass the 60%, while with the use of xylene a VRD of approximately 85% was achieved. Dimethylformamide was used as a dispersant of the nanoparticles and had a similar VRD than that for xylene (87%). Subsequent experiments were performed varying the DDR (xylene/dimethylformamide) for different dosages up to 7 vol % determining that a DDR = 0.2 and a dosage of 5 vol % was appropriated for enhancing EHO VRD, obtaining a final value of 89%. Different SiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated in the viscosity reduction tests reporting the best results using 9 nm nanoparticles that were then included at 1000 mg·L−1 in the carrier fluid, increasing the VRD up to 4% and enhancing the perdurability based on the rheological hysteresis and the viscosity measurements for 30 days. Results showed a viscosity increase of 20 and 80% for the crude oil with the nanofluid and the carrier fluid after 30 days, respectively. The nanoparticles have a synergistic effect in the viscosity reduction and the inhibition of the viscoelastic network re-organization (perdurability) after treatment application which was also observed in the rheological modeling carried out with Cross and Carreau models as the reported characteristic relaxation time was increased almost a 20%. Moreover, the Vipulanandan rheological model denotes a higher maximum stress value reached by the EHO with the addition of nanofluids which is derived from the EHO internal structure rearrangement caused by the asphaltenes adsorption phenomenon.

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“…Temperature can play an important role in (oil well) cement operations, especially, in the early stages, when the yield stress increases; its effect on the viscosity is not that obvious because of the decrease of water viscosity (base fluid) at higher temperatures (with increasing rate 0.027 • C/m) [112,145]. With the increase of temperature in deep wells, the viscosity tends to decrease because of thermal thinning [146]. Cement slurries experience different pressure conditions when pumped into the wells.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Pressure On The Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rheological Modeling of Cement Slurry in Oil Well Applications

et al. 2020

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The rheological behavior of cement slurries is important in trying to prevent and eliminate gas-migration related problems in oil well applications. In this paper, we review the constitutive modeling of cement slurries/pastes. Cement slurries, in general, behave as complex non-linear fluids with the possibility of exhibiting viscoelasticity, thixotropy, yield stress, shear-thinning effects, etc. The shear viscosity and the yield stress are two of the most important rheological characteristics of cement; these have been studied extensively and a review of these studies is provided in this paper. We discuss the importance of changing the concentration of cement particles, water-to-cement ratio, additives/admixtures, shear rate, temperature and pressure, mixing methods, and the thixotropic behavior of cement on the stress tensor. In the concluding remarks, we propose a new constitutive model for cement slurry, considering the basic non-Newtonian nature of the different models.

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Smart cement rheological and piezoresistive behavior for oil well applications

Cited by 78 publications

References 14 publications

Field Test for Real Time Monitoring of Piezoresistive Smart Cement to Verify the Cementing Operations

Field Test for Real Time Monitoring of Piezoresistive Smart Cement to Verify the Cementing Operations

Development of Nanofluids for Perdurability in Viscosity Reduction of Extra-Heavy Oils

A Review of Rheological Modeling of Cement Slurry in Oil Well Applications

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