Smart and Functional Conducting Polymers: Application to Electrorheological Fluids

Lu, Qi; Han, Wen Jiao; Choi, Hyoung Jin

doi:10.3390/molecules23112854

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Moreover, the appropriate electrical conductivity of PDPA makes it suitable as an ER material because it does not require any de-doping process to prevent short circuits and is enough to generate sufficiently strong chain-like form with an input electrical field. Furthermore, recent research has shifted gradually to conducting polymer composites because they not only improve certain inherent limitations of polymers, but also enrich the properties of materials, such as chemical stability, mechanical properties, and thermal stability [28,29]. In particular, composite materials of conducting polymer and inorganic nanoparticles can impart special properties to the composites and enhance their application potential in many fields [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Dong

Choi

2019

Materials

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Electro-responsive poly(diphenylamine)(PDPA)/Fe3O4 composite particles were prepared by the synthesis of PDPA particles using a chemical oxidative polymerization technique followed by loading nano-sized Fe3O4 particles onto PDPA via a chemical co-precipitation process. The morphological image of the PDPA/Fe3O4 particles was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The crystalline structure was scrutinized by X-ray diffraction. The rheological characteristics of the suspension composed of PDPA/Fe3O4 particles suspended in silicone oil were investigated by a rotation rheometer, demonstrating standard electrorheological (ER) characteristics with a dramatic increase in shear stress and dynamic moduli under the application of an electrical field strength. The shear stress curves under an electrical field could be described using the Bingham model and the yield stress showed a power-law relationship with the electric field strength with an exponent of 1.5, following the conduction model. Furthermore, the frequency-dependent dielectric behaviors of the PDPA/Fe3O4 ER suspension was tested using an inductance (L)-capacitance (C)-resistance (R) (LCR) meter. The dielectric properties were well described using the Cole–Cole equation and were consistent with the results of the ER experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Dong

Choi

2019

Materials

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“…This is because the particles are able to form chain or column structures in the direction of electric field ( Figure 1 ) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The electric field controlled liquid-like to solid-like mutual transition makes ER fluids attractive in many engineering applications, such as dampers, shock absorbers, finishing devices, brakes and tactile interfaces [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electric Field Responses of Inorganic Ionogels and Poly(ionic liquid)s

et al. 2020

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of pure ions with melting points lower than 100 °C. They are getting more and more attention because of their high thermal stability, high ionic conductivity and dielectric properties. The unique dielectric properties aroused by the ion motion of ILs makes ILs-contained inorganics or organics responsive to electric field and have great application potential in smart electrorheological (ER) fluids which can be used as the electro-mechanical interface in engineering devices. In this review, we summarized the recent work of various kinds of ILs-contained inorganic ionogels and poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) as ER materials including their synthesis methods, ER responses and dielectric analysis. The aim of this work is to highlight the advantage of ILs in the synthesis of dielectric materials and their effects in improving ER responses of the materials in a wide temperature range. It is expected to provide valuable suggestions for the development of ILs-contained inorganics and PILs as electric field responsive materials.

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“…The preparation of electrorheological fluids, which reversibly increase viscosity in the electric field, has recently received considerable attention due to the wide possibilities for the design of electrically controlled devices based on the electrorheological effect. Some aspects of the practical application of electrorheological fluids have been discussed in the reviews [12,13,14,15]. Most devices of practical interest are based on a positive electrorheological effect, such as ER clutches, brakes, damping devices, hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, robotic controlling systems, gripping devices, seismic controlling frame structures, human muscle stimulators, and spacecraft deployment dampers [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant-Switched Positive/Negative Electrorheological Effect in Tungsten Oxide Suspensions

et al. 2019

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The electrorheological (ER) effect was experimentally observed in dielectric suspensions containing tungsten oxide (WO3) modified with surfactant molecules (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecylamine (DDA)) in electric fields up to several kilovolts per millimeter. The dielectric properties of WO3 suspensions in silicone oil were analyzed, depending on the frequency of the electric field, in the range from 25 to 106 Hz. Unmodified WO3 suspensions, as well as suspensions modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate, were shown to exhibit a positive electrorheological effect, whereas suspensions modified with dodecylamine demonstrated a negative electrorheological effect. The quantitative characteristics of the negative electrorheological effect in the strain–compression and shear regimes were obtained for the first time. Visualization experiments were performed to see the chain structures formed by WO3 particles modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate, as well as for dynamic electroconvection in electrorheological fluids containing WO3 modified with dodecylamine. The negative electrorheological effect was shown to be associated with the processes of phase separation in the electric field, which led to a multiplicative effect and a strong electroconvection of the suspension at field strengths above 1 kV/mm.

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Smart and Functional Conducting Polymers: Application to Electrorheological Fluids

Cited by 42 publications

References 136 publications

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

The Electric Field Responses of Inorganic Ionogels and Poly(ionic liquid)s

Surfactant-Switched Positive/Negative Electrorheological Effect in Tungsten Oxide Suspensions

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