SMAP L-Band Passive Microwave Observations of Ocean Surface Wind During Severe Storms

Yueh, Simon; Fore, Alexander; Tang, Wenqing; Hayashi, Atsushi; Stiles, B.; Reul, Nicolás; Weng, Yonghui; Zhang, Fuqing

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2600239

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The impact of the different spatial resolutions is presented in Figure b. This comparison shows the benefit of high‐resolution compared to medium‐resolution missions such as L‐band radiometers (about 40 km for Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP); Meissner et al, ; Yueh et al, ; or Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS); Reul et al, ) or scatterometers (about 25 km for nominal resolution with the next European SCA on MeTop SG; Stoffelen et al, ). In this case, larger averaging areas blur the interpretation of the data, clearly showing that both the central wind minimum and peakedness of the wind maxima are severely impacted at spatial resolutions exceeding 12 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolarized and Cross‐Polarized SAR Measurements for High‐Resolution Description of Major Hurricane Wind Structures: Application to Irma Category 5 Hurricane

et al. 2019

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C‐band high‐resolution radar (synthetic aperture radar [SAR]) is the only spaceborne instrument able to probe at very high resolution and over all ocean basins the sea surface under extreme weather conditions. When coanalyzed with Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer wind estimates, the radar backscatter signals acquired in major hurricanes from Sentinel‐1 and Radarsat‐2 SAR reveal high sensitivity in the cross‐polarized channel for wind speeds up to 75 m/s. The combination of the two copolarized and cross‐polarized channels can then be used to derive high‐resolution surface wind estimates. The retrieval methods and impacts of intense rainfall are discussed in the context of a Hurricane Irma (2017) case study. On 7 September 2017, Sentinel‐1 measurements intercepted Hurricane Irma when it was at category 5 intensity. When compared to Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, SAR‐derived wind speeds yield bias and root‐mean‐square of about 1.5 and 5.0 m/s, respectively. The retrieved wind structure parameters for the outer core are found to be in agreement with the Best‐Track and combined satellite‐ and aircraft‐based analyses. SAR measurements uniquely describe the inner core and provide independent measurements of the maximum wind speed and the radius of maximum wind. Near the radius of maximum wind a 65‐m/s increase in wind speed in less than 10 km is detected, corresponding to an instantaneous absolute vorticity of order 210 times the Coriolis parameter. Using a parametric Holland model and the environmental surface pressure (1,011 hPa), SAR‐derived wind speeds correspond to a central surface pressure of 918 hPa (921 hPa from the Best‐Track) in Irma's eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolarized and Cross‐Polarized SAR Measurements for High‐Resolution Description of Major Hurricane Wind Structures: Application to Irma Category 5 Hurricane

et al. 2019

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“…The algorithm to retrieve SSS from SMAP radiometer data has been developed at 59 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [Fore et al, 2016]. Analyzing available SMAP and 60 matchup ancillary data, it is found that SMAP T B well corroborates the Aquarius GMFs 61 for wind speed up to at least 40 m s -1 [Yueh et al, 2016]. Therefore, the roughness 62 correction which removes excess surface emissivity from SMAP-measured T B is 63 currently based on the Aquarius radiometer GMF.…”

Section: Introduction 36 37mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating SMAP SSS with in situ measurements

Tang

Fore

Yueh

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)

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“…The revisit time of SMAP is 8 days. The root-mean-square difference (RMSD) with WindSat or Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder is 1.7 m s 21 for wind speeds lower than 20 m s 21 (Yueh et al 2016). The SMAP measurements also have a good agreement with the airborne Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) wind speeds with an RMSD of 4.6 m s 21 for wind speeds between 20 and 40 m s 21 (Yueh et al 2016).…”

Section: B Wind Referencesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Retrieval from Dual-Polarization Sentinel-1 EW Mode Products

Gao

Guan

Sun

et al. 2020

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Recent studies indicate that the cross-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have the ability of retrieving high wind speed on ocean surface without wind direction input. This study presents a new approach for tropical cyclone (TC) wind speed retrieval utilizing thermal-noise-removed Sentinel-1 dual-polarization (VV+VH) Extra-Wide Swath (EW) Mode products. Based on twenty images of nine TCs observed in the 2016 and 2018 and SAR-collocated European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis data and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) H*Wind real-time wind data, a sub-swath-based geophysical model function (GMF) Sentinel-1 EW Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal (S1EW.NR) is developed and validated statistically. TC wind speed is retrieved by using the proposed GMF and the C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N). The results show that the wind speeds retrieved by the S1EW.NR model are in good agreement with wind references up to 31 m/s. The correlation coefficient, bias and standard deviation between the retrieval results and reference wind speeds are 0.74, -0.11 m/s and 3.54 m/s, respectively. Comparison of the wind speeds retrieved from both channels suggests that the cross-polarized signal is more suitable for high wind speed retrieval, indicating the promising capability of cross-polarization SAR for TC monitoring.

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SMAP L-Band Passive Microwave Observations of Ocean Surface Wind During Severe Storms

Abstract: Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site.

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Copolarized and Cross‐Polarized SAR Measurements for High‐Resolution Description of Major Hurricane Wind Structures: Application to Irma Category 5 Hurricane

Copolarized and Cross‐Polarized SAR Measurements for High‐Resolution Description of Major Hurricane Wind Structures: Application to Irma Category 5 Hurricane

Validating SMAP SSS with in situ measurements

Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Retrieval from Dual-Polarization Sentinel-1 EW Mode Products

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