Smallpox: A Disease of the Past? Consideration for Midwives

Constantin, Carolyn M.; Martinelli, Angela M.; Foster, Stanley O.; Bonney, Elizabeth A.; Strickland, Ora L.

doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(03)00084-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The recent July/August issue contained the first article in our Mini‐Home Study Program series on infection: “Smallpox: A Disease of the Past? Considerations for Midwives” by Carolyn Constantin 1 . This issue brings you the second in this series in the article titled, “Maternal Serologic Screening for Toxoplasmosis” by Jennifer A. Pinard, MSN, RN, C‐FNP, and Nan S. Leslie, PhD, RNC.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

New Editors, New Awards, and New Opportunities

King¹

2003

J Midwife Womens Health

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supporting

confidence: 85%

New Editors, New Awards, and New Opportunities

King¹

2003

J Midwife Womens Health

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“…The child died six weeks later of unknown causes [85]. Data from the historical SPX infections also suggests that the disease is more severe in pregnant females, especially in their third trimester [86][87][88][89][90][91]. We need to generate more data regarding maternal and fetal outcomes in human-MPVX cases, factors affecting outcomes in pregnancy, the crucial time for transmission, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, and breastfeeding status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of 5110 Cases of Monkeypox: What Has Changed Between 1970 and 2022?

Kumar¹,

Singh²,

Singh³

2022

Cureus

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The recent monkeypox (MPVX) outbreak has been characterized by an unprecedented increase in cases, unlike any other outbreaks in the past. The disease pattern and transmissibility are also different from previous outbreaks. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the current outbreak has significant contrasting features from the previous ones, necessitating changes in prevention and control guidelines. A thorough literature search related to MPVX infection was performed on the online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using appropriate keywords "MPVX", "men who have sex with men (MSM)", "transmission", and "smallpox vaccination", for choosing relevant articles from the inception of MPVX in 1970 to August 31, 2022. We identified 5110 cases of MPVX, documented in 63 articles on MPVX. We discovered that the median age of MPVX infection has slowly increased since its inception, and currently, it is more common in adults. Compared to previous outbreaks, a significantly greater male preponderance is witnessed in the current outbreak. Only 238 (4.65%) out of the 5110 evaluated patients were vaccinated with the smallpox vaccine in our review. There were 107 mortalities, most of which were children below the age of 10 years. Out of the 1534 cases identified in 2022, 1134 (73.92%) patients admitted that they had been involved in sexual relations within the last 21 days (MSM/gay/bisexual). We found that in contrast to previous outbreaks, human-to-human transmission is more common in this outbreak, with most cases having no link with endemic countries. There are evolving traits and undetected transmission modes of MPVX infection that require new disease mitigation strategies.

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“…There is currently no evidence on the risk of viral transmission to the infant during breastfeeding, whether via the breast milk, direct contact with maternal skin lesions or via large droplet spread. Of note, the related orthopoxvirus smallpox is associated with an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, including fetal death, preterm birth and spontaneous miscarriage 11,13,14 .…”

Section: Monkeypox Virus In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%