Abstract:Hot deformation behavior of two alloys, Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Y is studied by compression tests using the Gleeble-1500D thermo-mechanical simulator. Experiments are conducted at 550-900 C temperature and 0.001-10 s À1 strain rate. The true stress-true strain curves are analyzed, and the results show that the flow stress strongly depends on the temperature and the strain rate. Furthermore, both alloys behave similarly when the flow stress increases with higher strain rate and lower temperature. Based on the dynamic m… Show more
“…Many studies have shown that the addition of rare‐earth elements can promote precipitation. [ 43 ] To study the influence of adding Ce to Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg alloys on precipitation during hot deformation, FEI Tecnai F30 transmission electron microscope was used to analyze the microstructure of the alloys deformed at a strain rate of 0.001 s −1 and 750 °C. Figure shows the microstructure of the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg alloy deformed at 0.001 s −1 strain rate and 750 °C.…”
Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg and Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg–Ce alloys are prepared by vacuum induction melting. The hot deformation tests of the two alloys are carried out on the Gleeble‐1500 simulator under the deformation temperatures of 550–950 °C and strain rates of 0.001–10 s−1. The true stress–strain curves of the two alloys are obtained and the constitutive equations are established. The activation energy of the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg alloy is 344.02 kJ mol−1, and the activation energy of the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg–Ce alloy is 389.87 kJ mol−1. Based on the processing maps, the optimal processing parameters of the two alloys are obtained. The microstructure of the two alloys is analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of Ce reduces the dislocation density and texture strength. The CuNi2Ti precipitates are found in both alloys, and there are more precipitates in the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg–Ce alloys. The addition of Ce increases the flow stress and activation energy, promotes precipitation, and improves the deformation resistance of the alloys.
“…Many studies have shown that the addition of rare‐earth elements can promote precipitation. [ 43 ] To study the influence of adding Ce to Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg alloys on precipitation during hot deformation, FEI Tecnai F30 transmission electron microscope was used to analyze the microstructure of the alloys deformed at a strain rate of 0.001 s −1 and 750 °C. Figure shows the microstructure of the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg alloy deformed at 0.001 s −1 strain rate and 750 °C.…”
Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg and Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg–Ce alloys are prepared by vacuum induction melting. The hot deformation tests of the two alloys are carried out on the Gleeble‐1500 simulator under the deformation temperatures of 550–950 °C and strain rates of 0.001–10 s−1. The true stress–strain curves of the two alloys are obtained and the constitutive equations are established. The activation energy of the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg alloy is 344.02 kJ mol−1, and the activation energy of the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg–Ce alloy is 389.87 kJ mol−1. Based on the processing maps, the optimal processing parameters of the two alloys are obtained. The microstructure of the two alloys is analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of Ce reduces the dislocation density and texture strength. The CuNi2Ti precipitates are found in both alloys, and there are more precipitates in the Cu–Ti–Ni–Mg–Ce alloys. The addition of Ce increases the flow stress and activation energy, promotes precipitation, and improves the deformation resistance of the alloys.
“…and, as a consequence, to different experimental dependences of stresses on deformations. For example, such scatters for copper alloy samples are given in [87,88].…”
In this paper, kinematic relations and constitutive laws in crystal plasticity are analyzed in the context of geometric nonlinearity description and fulfillment of thermodynamic requirements in the case of elastic deformation. We consider the most popular relations: in finite form, written in terms of the unloaded configuration, and in rate form, written in terms of the current configuration. The presence of a corotational derivative in the relations formulated in terms of the current configuration testifies to the fact that the model is based on the decomposition of motion into the deformation motion and the rigid motion of a moving coordinate system, and precisely the stress rate with respect to this coordinate system is associated with the strain rate. We also examine the relations of the mesolevel model with an explicit separation of a moving coordinate system and the elastic distortion of crystallites relative to it in the deformation gradient. These relations are compared with the above formulations, which makes it possible to determine how close they are. The results of the performed analytical calculations show the equivalence or similarity (in the sense of the response determined under the same influences) of the formulation and are supported by the results of numerical calculation. It is shown that the formulation based on the decomposition of motion with an explicit separation of the moving coordinate system motion provides a theoretical framework for the transition to a similar formulation in rate form written in terms of the current configuration. The formulation of this kind is preferable for the numerical solution of boundary value problems (in a case when the current configuration and, consequently, contact boundaries, are not known a priori) used to model the technological treatment processes.
“…For all these reasons, a single technique able to produce nanofoams with controlled properties, and different materials, is of certain interest. Various techniques have been employed for the synthesis of nanofoams, each one being usually suited for specific combinations of elements, morphologies, and average density ranges: chemical vapor deposition (CVD), [27][28][29] thermal evaporation for metallic foams, [30] sol-gel method for silica nanofoams, [31] CO 2 foaming processes [32] for polymer nanofoams, and aerosolassisted chemical vapor deposition for ceramic nanofoams. [33] Among these methods, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) stands out as a versatile and promising tool for nanofoam synthesis.…”
Nanofoam materials are gaining increasing interest in the scientific community, thanks to their unique properties such as ultralow density, complex nano‐ and microstructure, and high surface area. Nanofoams are attractive for multiple applications, ranging from advanced catalysis and energy storage to nuclear fusion and particle acceleration. The main issues hindering the widespread use of nanofoams are related to the choice of synthesis technique, highly dependent on the desired elemental composition and leading to a limited control over the main material properties. Herein, femtosecond pulsed laser deposition is proposed as a universal tool for the synthesis of nanofoams with tailored characteristics. Nanofoams made by elements with significantly different properties—namely, boron, silicon, copper, tungsten, and gold—can be produced by suitably tuning the deposition parameters. The effect of the background pressure is studied in detail, in relation to the morphological features and density of the resulting nanofoams and nanostructured films. This, together with the analysis of the specific features shown by nanofoams made of different elements, offers fresh insights into the aggregation process and its relation to the corresponding nanofoam properties down to the nanoscale, opening new perspectives toward the application of nanofoam‐based materials.
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