Small towns as ‘sub-poles’ in English rural development: Investigating rural–urban linkages using sub-regional social accounting matrices

Differentiation of rural development driven by industrialization and urbanization in eastern coastal China

“…Using spatial economic data from four small English towns, Courtney, Mayfield, Tranter, Jones, and Errington (2007) measured the strength of economic integration between town and hinterland and estimated the magnitude of town-hinterland spillover effects, and indicated that the potential value of a town as a 'sub-pole' in local economic development is dependent on structural differences in the local economy. As for the production side of the economy, in the process of industrialization through rural-urban interdependence (Murata, 2002), that agricultural productivity was enhanced by utilizing non-agricultural inputs was proved by many case studies of India, Japan, the United States, Taiwan, West Pakistan, and so on (Johnston & Kilby, 1975;Johnston & Mellor, 1961;Mellor, 1966).…”

Implications for food production, land use and rural development of the European Union’s Single Farm Payment: Indications from a survey of farmers’ intentions in Germany, Portugal and the UK

“…Feed mills, slaughter houses and co-operatives supplying inputs/marketing outputs could be especially affected (Courtney et al, 2007). The on-going process of CAP reform will eliminate export subsidies in due course which will necessitate further reductions in market price support and lead to an additional drop in production levels.…”

Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System in Bangladesh: An Ex-ante Value Chain Evaluation Framework

“…The more frequent it is, the more trust exists between the actors, and the less probability there is of opportunistic behaviour. Various types of analysis can be undertaken through the use of the value chain approach, such as functional analysis (Bahr et al 2004;Guptill and Wilkins 2002), institutional analysis (FAO 2005a), social network analysis (Kim and Shin 2002), financial analysis (FAO 2005b), input-output analysis (Hecht 2007), social accounting matrix (Courtney et al 2007;Adelman et al 1988), life cycle analysis (Rebitzer et al 2004), input-output-life cycle analysis (Lenzen 2001), material flow analysis (Finnveden and Moberg 2005), energy analysis (Finnveden and Moberg 2005) and an integrated ecological-economic modelling approach (Pacini et al 2004;Baecke et al 2002;Kledal 2006). One method could not hope to cover all relevant aspects, so in this study, we used a combination of methods: functional analysis, which depicts the interaction between actors of the value chain, describing their full activities from node to node along the chain; institutional and social network analysis, which presents an overview of the various chain actors the and relationships between people, groups and organizations in value creation; financial and input-output analysis, which determines the financial costs and benefits of the individual agents along the chain and traces the flow of goods and services between actors; and material flow analysis, which assesses the physical units of input and output involved in the production, processing, consumption and distribution.…”