Small-target selection with gaze alone

Skovsgaard, Henrik; Mateo, Julio C.; Flach, John M.; Hansen, John Paulin

doi:10.1145/1743666.1743702

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This approach moves the mouse pointer quickly to the area being gazed at, but relies on the mouse for finer adjustments and clicking. Different zooming [16], [17] and fish-eye methodologies [18] have been evaluated for the same purpose. The EyePoint [19] is another possible solution to cater for lack of accuracy and precision in gaze tracking.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyes Only: Navigating Hypertext with Gaze

Penkar

Lutteroth

Weber

2013

Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2013

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Abstract. Eye gaze tracking is an obvious candidate for a future input device, perhaps even for everyday computing. The hard problems with gaze-controlled interfaces are inaccuracy and inadvertent clicking. We attempt to mitigate these problems in the context of a gaze-controlled web browser. Four click alternatives (Dwell, Single Confirm, Multiple Confirm and Radial Confirm) were implemented along with a fifth mouse-controlled version for comparison. Two alternatives make use of additional buttons that confirm a selection made previously by dwell, hence improving accuracy. Our results indicate that the Multiple Confirm alternative performed best among the gaze-based alternatives; it makes use of multiple confirmation buttons when letting the user choose between different options. When compared to the mouse, the clicking times were worse but the accuracy was indistinguishable. User feedback also indicates that, although mouse was considered best, Multiple Confirm was not perceived as slow and generated excitement. This indicates that the Multiple Confirm click alternative has potential as an interaction method for gaze interfaces.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyes Only: Navigating Hypertext with Gaze

Penkar

Lutteroth

Weber

2013

Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2013

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“…One way to ease gaze-based target selections is to magnify the display either locally at the point-of-regard [2,8,13,14,16,20,22] or globally [1,3,9]. Empirical evidence shows that eye pointing speed and accuracy can be improved by target expansions [2,16,20].…”

Section: Target Expansions For Gaze-based Selectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical evidence shows that eye pointing speed and accuracy can be improved by target expansions [2,16,20]. In this respect, Ashmore et al [2] describe different types of dwell activated fisheye lenses that either follow the user's gaze at all times (eye-slaved) or remain fixed at a fixated position.…”

Section: Target Expansions For Gaze-based Selectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Look & touch

Stellmach

Dachselt

2012

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

151

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While eye tracking has a high potential for fast selection tasks, it is often regarded as error-prone and unnatural, especially for gaze-only interaction. To improve on that, we propose gaze-supported interaction as a more natural and effective way combining a user's gaze with touch input from a handheld device. In particular, we contribute a set of novel and practical gaze-supported selection techniques for distant displays. Designed according to the principle gaze suggests, touch confirms they include an enhanced gaze-directed cursor, local zoom lenses and more elaborated techniques utilizing manual fine positioning of the cursor via touch. In a comprehensive user study with 24 participants, we investigated the potential of these techniques for different target sizes and distances. All novel techniques outperformed a simple gaze-directed cursor and showed individual advantages. In particular those techniques using touch for fine cursor adjustments (MAGIC touch) and for cycling through a list of possible close-to-gaze targets (MAGIC tab) demonstrated a high overall performance and usability.

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“…Video based, noninvasive, remote units exist that can estimate where a person is looking on a computer screen to within 0.5 degrees of visual accuracy (based on a distance of 60cm between user and screen). There has been much research on how best to use this "gaze point" with much of it aimed at performing 2D-based computer interaction tasks (e.g., Zhai et al [1999], Skovsgaard et al [2010]) and text entry for communication (e.g., Majaranta and Räihä [2002], Johansen et al [2003]). There has been some work, on using gaze input as an additional input device for computer gaming (e.g., Smith and Graham [2006], Isokoski et al [2009]), but very little on using gaze as a single input device for physically disabled users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performing Locomotion Tasks in Immersive Computer Games with an Adapted Eye-Tracking Interface

Vickers

Istance

Hyrskykari

2013

ACM Trans. Access. Comput.

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Young people with severe physical disabilities may benefit greatly from participating in immersive computer games. In-game tasks can be fun, engaging, educational, and socially interactive. But for those who are unable to use traditional methods of computer input such as a mouse and keyboard, there is a barrier to interaction that they must first overcome. Eye-gaze interaction is one method of input that can potentially achieve the levels of interaction required for these games. How we use eye-gaze or the gaze interaction technique depends upon the task being performed, the individual performing it, and the equipment available. To fully realize the impact of participation in these environments, techniques need to be adapted to the person's abilities. We describe an approach to designing and adapting a gaze interaction technique to support locomotion, a task central to immersive game playing. This is evaluated by a group of young people with cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy. The results show that by adapting the interaction technique, participants are able to significantly improve their in-game character control.

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Small-target selection with gaze alone

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Eyes Only: Navigating Hypertext with Gaze

Eyes Only: Navigating Hypertext with Gaze

Look & touch

Performing Locomotion Tasks in Immersive Computer Games with an Adapted Eye-Tracking Interface

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