Small-scale spatial and temporal variations in mid-ocean ridge crest magmatic processes

Perfit, Michael R.; Fornari, Daniel J.; Smith, Matthew C.; Bender, John F.; Langmuir, C. H.; Haymon, Rachel M.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0375:sssatv>2.3.co;2

Cited by 215 publications

(249 citation statements)

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“…Ocean ridge volcanism is characterized by a large number of small flows (Perfit et al, 1994), rather than the small numbers of large eruptions that dominate subaerial volumes, a difference consistent with the thin lithosphere characteristic of the ridge environment.…”

Section: Submarine Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Pacing of eruption by glacial changes in sea level appears unlikely to operate at ridges because eruptions tend to occur at years to decades at fast-spreading ridges (Perfit et al, 1994) and are not expected to reach the~100 ky time scales associated with glacial/interglacial changes in sea level, even at slow spreading regions. Ocean ridge volcanism is characterized by a large number of small flows (Perfit et al, 1994), rather than the small numbers of large eruptions that dominate subaerial volumes, a difference consistent with the thin lithosphere characteristic of the ridge environment.…”

Section: Submarine Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2

Huybers

Langmuir

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

291

268

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Section: Submarine Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Submarine Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2

Huybers

Langmuir

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

291

268

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“…Several andesites/dacites were collected along a linear pillow mound that hosted the only active hydrothermal venting observed at the OSC. Lavas erupted at the OSC are dominantly ferrobasalts in contrast to the more MgO-rich MORB lavas that dominate the 9°15′ N to 10°N section of the EPR (Batiza and Niu, 1992;Perfit et al, 1994;Smith et al, 2001;Goss et al, 2010).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oMost geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low-to moderate-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts. However, our geochemical data from MOR highsilica glasses, including new volatile and oxygen isotope data, suggest that assimilation of altered crustal material plays a significant role in the petrogenesis of dacites and may be important in the formation of basaltic lavas at MOR in general. MOR high-silica andesites and dacites from diverse areas show remarkably similar major element trends, incompatible trace element enrichments, and isotopic signatures suggesting similar processes control their chemistry. In particular, very high Cl and elevated H 2 O concentrations and relatively light oxygen isotope ratios (~5.8‰ vs. expected values of~6.8‰) in fresh dacite glasses can be explained by contamination of magmas from a component of ocean crust altered by hydrothermal fluids. Crystallization of silicate phases and Fe-oxides causes an increase in δ 18 O in residual magma, but assimilation of material initially altered at high temperatures results in lower δ 18 O values. The observed geochemical signatures can be explained by extreme fractional crystallization of a MOR basalt parent combined with partial melting and assimilation (AFC) of amphibole-bearing altered oceanic crust. The MOR dacitic lavas do not appear to be simply the extrusive equivalent of oceanic plagiogranites. The combination of partial melting and assimilation produces a distinct geochemical signature that includes higher incompatible trace element abundances and distinct trace element ratios relative to those observed in plagiogranites.

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“…Studies of off-axis volcanism along the EPR have long used petrology and geochemistry to speculate on the magmatic source for off-axis volcanism and its relationship to axial volcanism and magmatism (e.g., Geshi et al, 2007;Hall and Sinton, 1996;Perfit et al, 1994;Reynolds et al, 1992). Likewise, geophysical studies have provided evidence for the presence of off-axis melt bodies (e.g., Canales et al, 2009Canales et al, , 2012Durant and Toomey, 2009), but until the AT15-17 survey (see also ), it has not been possible to directly link lava age, geochemistry, and petrology with seafloor and seismic imaging, since such a broad range of multidisciplinary data are only rarely collectively available in submarine settings.…”

Section: Implications For Off-axis Magmatism and Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sill to surface: Linking young off-axis volcanism with subsurface melt at the overlapping spreading center at 9°03′N East Pacific Rise

Waters

Sims

Klein

et al. 2013

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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a b s t r a c tNo young, off-axis, mid-ocean ridge lavas have yet been directly linked to underlying off-axis melt bodies. In this study, we present new measurements of 238 U-230 Th-226 Ra-210 Pb isotope compositions for a suite of lavas from the overlapping spreading center (OSC) at 9103′N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). These lavas span a large range of compositions, from basalt to dacite, and include both axial and off-axis samples recovered from a prominent, axis-parallel pillow ridge and a flat-topped seamount that overlie the westernmost extent of a 4-km-wide melt lens (Kent et al., 2000). We report 210 Pb excesses in axial basalts and basaltic andesites, which we suggest results from gas-magma fractionation of 222 Rn from 226 Ra beneath dacite magmas. In addition, our U-series ages agree with visual observations, indicating that while most recent volcanic activity occurs at the spreading axis, active volcanism also occurs away from the axis. Specifically, the off-axis pillow ridge and seamount samples overlying the off-axis subsurface melt body have eruption ages of less than 8 ka, and likely as young as 1 ka, despite being located on crust that has a spreading age of~75 ka. The young ages of these lavas, combined with existing geological, geochemical and geophysical constraints, provide evidence for a genetic link between the pillow ridge and seamount lavas and the seismically imaged, underlying off-axis melt lens. This link demonstrates that off-axis volcanism does not necessarily come from a sub-axial magma body and can be sourced directly from off-axis magma bodies.

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Small-scale spatial and temporal variations in mid-ocean ridge crest magmatic processes

Cited by 215 publications

References 0 publications

Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2

Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2

Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers

Sill to surface: Linking young off-axis volcanism with subsurface melt at the overlapping spreading center at 9°03′N East Pacific Rise

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