Small-scale experiments aimed at optimization of large-scale production of the microalga Rhodomonas salina

Thoisen, Christina Vinum; Vu, Minh T.; Carron-Cabaret, Thibaut; Jepsen, Per Meyer; Nielsen, Søren Laurentius; Hansen, Benni Winding

doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1434-1

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…They were cultivated in 30 psu 0.2 µm UV filtrated seawater at 17°C, with aeration, and continuous 50–65 µmol PAR photons m −2 s −1 . Nutrition was administered daily in the form of modified f/2 medium (Guillard, 1975, without cobalt sensu Thoisen et al, 2018). Cell density was maintained daily at the exponential growth phase to ensure nutritional homogeneity within each algae species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 PUFA biosynthesis by the copepod Apocyclops royi determined by fatty acid profile and gene expression analysis

et al. 2019

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The cyclopoid copepod Apocyclops royi (Lindberg 1940) is one of two dominant mesozooplankton species in brackish Taiwanese aquaculture ponds. Periodically low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in seston could potentially be a limiting factor for zooplankton diversity. Apocyclops royi ’s potential ability to biosynthesize n-3 PUFA was investigated through a short-term feeding experiment on four species of microalgae . Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of genes encoding putative fatty acid elongase ( ELO ) and desaturase ( FAD ) enzymes in A. royi on long-term diets of the PUFA-poor Dunaliella tertiolecta and the PUFA-rich Isochrysis galbana . The copepods exhibited high contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) (>20% of total fatty acid) even when DHA-starved for two generations, and no significant differences were found in absolute DHA content between treatments. Transcripts correlating to the four enzymes Elovl4, Elovl5, Fad Δ5 and Fad Δ6 in the n-3 PUFA biosynthetic pathway were identified. Gene expression analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of two desaturases similar to Fad Δ6 in copepods fed PUFA-lacking algae compared to copepods fed algae with high PUFA content. These findings suggest a highly active n-3 PUFA biosynthesis and capability of DHA production in A. royi when fed low-PUFA diets.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 PUFA biosynthesis by the copepod Apocyclops royi determined by fatty acid profile and gene expression analysis

et al. 2019

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“…They were cultivated in 30 psu 0.2 µm UV‐filtrated seawater at 17°C, with aeration, and continuous 50–65 µmol PAR photons m −2 s −1 . The F/2 growth medium (Guillard, 1975, without cobalt sensu Thoisen et al., 2018) was administered daily. The common baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , used in the experiments was purchased in a local supermarket (Malteserkors gær, De Danske Gærfabrikker—Lallemand, Grenaa, Denmark).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus hitherto, the attempts to produce copepods large scale have relied on a high‐quality diet for the copepods, typically microalgae with high and favourable PUFA contents, for example the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum , the diatom Thallassiosira weisflogii and the cryptophyceae Rhodomonas baltica / Rhodomonas salina (Buttino et al., 2012; Kleppel et al., 2005). The microalgae have been produced in relatively large production systems such as algal photobioreactors, which requires substantial manpower, electricity and space (Borowitzka, 1999; Thoisen et al., 2018, 2020; Vu et al., 2018). Hence, the resulting artificial food chain leading to the live feed product is considered more complicated and expensive when utilizing copepods as live feed rather than rotifers or Artemia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation success and fatty acid composition of the tropical copepods Apocyclops royi and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei fed on monospecific diets with varying PUFA profiles

2020

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Large‐scale copepod production is limited by high‐complexity production of microalgae with high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, the tropical A. royi and P. annandalei show great promise of being cultivable on diets with less PUFA content while maintaining both population density and adequate fatty acid (FA) profiles. This ability was investigated through analysis of population density, development stage composition and FA compositions when fed diets of varying FA profiles: the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta and Rhodomonas salina, and baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For A. royi, the population density (>1,600 L−1) did not differ significantly when fed these food items, nor did the relative content of the essential FA, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n‐3, DHA), >28% of total FA (p < .05). P. annandalei did not reproduce when fed S. cerevisiae, but population density (>300 L−1) and DHA content (30%–60% DHA of total FA) did not differ significantly when fed D. tertiolecta and R. salina (p < .05). Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n‐3, EPA) content of both copepods differed dependent on the diet, but the resulting DHA:EPA ratio were >2, the optimal for live feed for fish larvae. These findings demonstrate possibilities of utilizing A. royi and P. annandalei in intensive aquaculture, exploiting cheaper diet alternatives, and possibly reducing total production cost and complexity.

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“…At the experimental level, cryptophytes have been cultivated using batch systems to determine the effect on the growth of environmental parameters, temperature (12-32°C) [91][92][93][94], light in quality (white, blue, green, and red) [94,95] and quantity (11-600 μM m −2 s −1 ) [91,93,94,[96][97][98], nitrogen sources (nitrates, ammonium, urea) [90,99,100] and quantities [92,96], all of this has been carried out to optimize the culture under laboratory conditions (Figure 3).…”

Section: For Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptophytes do not have a cell wall, therefore allows for easier digestion and absorption. The most employed medium is f/2-Si [22,90,92,93,96,99,100,107], followed by B1 [98,108], L1 [91], Z8 [109], and 2f [94], with average specific growth rates (μ) between 0.48 and 0.88, indicted that growth is slow for these organisms. Optimal temperatures of 19-24°C for cultivation make using these cells less feasible in temperate zones.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptophyte: Biology, Culture, and Biotechnological Applications

Vilchis¹

2022

Progress in Microalgae Research - A Path for Shaping Sustainable Futures

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Cryptophytes are single-cell biflagellate algae, with extrusive organelles called ejectosomes. They live in fresh and marine water, mainly in shaded environments where light levels are reduced relative to the surface. They are the product of a secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga, which still retains the endosymbiont nucleus’s reminiscences and has four membranes around its plastids. Cryptophytes have a metabolic diversity that makes them very interesting from a nutritional point of view since they present a balance of fatty acids w3/w6, sterols, carotenoid pigments, and phycobiliproteins, these last also have antioxidant effects. Their composition makes them attractive for food in aquaculture and human consumption, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics; their fluorescent potential has attracted the attention of researchers in genomics, neuroscience and molecular biology. The biochemical composition of the cells is modulated by illumination, available nutrients, and its growth phase. This work reviews the general biology of cryptophytes, emphasizing the photosynthetic ones, culture properties and its biotechnological potential.

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Small-scale experiments aimed at optimization of large-scale production of the microalga Rhodomonas salina

Abstract: Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript Thoisen et al_Manuscript without track changes.docx Click here to view linked References Thoisen et al.

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

n-3 PUFA biosynthesis by the copepod Apocyclops royi determined by fatty acid profile and gene expression analysis

n-3 PUFA biosynthesis by the copepod Apocyclops royi determined by fatty acid profile and gene expression analysis

Cultivation success and fatty acid composition of the tropical copepods Apocyclops royi and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei fed on monospecific diets with varying PUFA profiles

Cryptophyte: Biology, Culture, and Biotechnological Applications

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