Small scale controls of greenhouse gas release under elevated N deposition rates in a restoring peat bog in NW Germany

Glatzel, Stephan; Forbrich, Inke; Kruger, Chad E.; Lemke, Steffen; Gerold, Gerhard

doi:10.5194/bg-5-925-2008

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The relationship between the uptake of CO 2 by plants (GPP) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) can be modelled using the Michaelis-Menten-kinetics (Michaelis and Menten, 1913) and is known to vary greatly between plant species and individual plant development stages (Hall and Rao, 1999). Therefore, we estimated the parameters α (initial slope of the regression curve in mg CO 2 -C m −2 h −1 )/(µmol m −2 s −1 ) and GP max (limit of production rate when approaching infinite PAR in mg CO 2 -C m −2 h −1 ) for each measurement location per measurement date using Eq.…”

Section: Gpp Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N 2 O budgets that are based on temporal upscaling of momentary observations risk missing N 2 O emission peaks that originate from fertilizer or manure application. However, even very short measurement intervals do not guarantee recording of all emission peaks due to the extremely high temporal (Kaiser et al, 1998) andspatial (Folorunso andRolston, 1984;Glatzel et al, 2008) variation of N 2 O fluxes. Furthermore, if we really missed peak fluxes, the difference between the intensive site and the other sites would be even higher than reported here.…”

Section: N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mitigation potential for greenhouse gas emissions by switching from intensive to extensive grassland use has been a topic of controversial debates for several years (Robertson et al, 2000;Dalal et al, 2007;Schils et al, 2008, and others). Peatland restoration may have huge potentials for reaching internationally agreed sustainability goals, in addition to other beneficial effects regarding nature conservation and ecosystem functions (Gorham and Rochefort, 2003;Zedler and Kercher, 2005;Rochefort and Lode, 2006, and others).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is typically expressed as gross primary production (GPP). One of the main driving forces of GPP is photosynthetically active radiation, modulated by the light use efficiency of the plants (Hall and Rao, 1999). On the other hand, ecosystems release carbon into the atmosphere via ecosystem respiration (R ECO ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog

et al. 2013

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Wetlands can either be net sinks or net sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs), depending on the mean annual water level and other factors like average annual temperature, vegetation development, and land use. Whereas drained and agriculturally used peatlands tend to be carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) sources but methane (CH4) sinks, restored (i.e. rewetted) peatlands rather incorporate CO2, tend to be N2O neutral and release CH4. One of the aims of peatland restoration is to decrease their global warming potential (GWP) by reducing GHG emissions. We estimated the greenhouse gas exchange of a peat bog restoration sequence over a period of 2 yr (1 July 2007–30 June 2009) in an Atlantic raised bog in northwest Germany. We set up three study sites representing different land use intensities: intensive grassland (deeply drained, mineral fertilizer, cattle manure and 4–5 cuts per year); extensive grassland (rewetted, no fertilizer or manure, up to 1 cutting per year); near-natural peat bog (almost no anthropogenic influence). Daily and annual greenhouse gas exchange was estimated based on closed-chamber measurements. CH4 and N2O fluxes were recorded bi-weekly, and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) measurements were carried out every 3–4 weeks. Annual sums of CH4 and N2O fluxes were estimated by linear interpolation while NEE was modelled. Regarding GWP, the intensive grassland site emitted 564 ± 255 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and 850 ± 238 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 in the first (2007/2008) and the second (2008/2009) measuring year, respectively. The GWP of the extensive grassland amounted to −129 ± 231 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and 94 ± 200 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1, while it added up to 45 ± 117 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and −101 ± 93 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 in 2007/08 and 2008/09 for the near-natural site. In contrast, in calendar year 2008 GWP aggregated to 441 ± 201 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1, 14 ± 162 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and 31 ± 75 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 for the intensive grassland, extensive grassland, and near-natural site, respectively. Despite inter-annual variability, rew...

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Section: Gpp Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog

et al. 2013

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“…This was to be implemented by rewetting of drained and cut-over raised bogs. Several research papers have reported both success and failures of restoration measures in cut-over raised bogs, and have discussed the causes and effects (Smolders et al 2003;Grootjans et al 2006;Glatzel et al 2008;Crushell et al 2009). The success of restoration appears to depend upon the degradation state of the drained and/or cut-over remnant peat body (Joosten 1995) as well as the diversity of the remaining vegetation and diaspores (Robroek et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a hydrological protection zone on the restoration of a raised bog: a case study from Northeast-Germany 1997–2008

Bönsel

Sonneck

2011

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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We investigated the changes of water level and vegetation in a restored cut-over raised bog in response to a hydrological protection zone established around the bog. The restoration began 1997 and techniques involved ditch blocking within and around the bog to stimulate a return to conditions of intact bog ecosystems. In order to monitor the rehabilitation of the raised bog, water levels and vegetation have been recorded since before restoration measures began. The monitoring is ongoing, but an assessment of 15 year's data (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) is presented. A hydrological protection zone with continuous high water levels could be established around the raised bog which minimizes the runoff of precipitation. Shortly after the first measures, the water levels increased significantly at all dipwells. Parallel to the increasing water levels a vascular plant species assemblage and a diverse Sphagnum community developed. In particular Sphagnum fimbriatum, S. palustre, S. recurvum and S. squarrosum spread efficiently. The cover of trees decreased significantly because of high water levels and ongoing acidification by Sphagnum spp. The high water levels have stimulated the re-vegetation and the hydrology self-regulation of the acrotelm. The successful regeneration of the acrotelm particularly became apparent in years with below-average precipitations (e.g. 2008), when the water levels in the central parts of the raised bog did not fall back to the low level reached in previous years, which had also remarkably water deficits (e.g. 2003).

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Plant Species Composition Can Be Used as a Proxy to Predict Methane Emissions in Peatland Ecosystems After Land-Use Changes

et al. 2010

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Land-use change in peatlands affects important drivers of CH 4 emission such as groundwater level and nutrient availability. Due to the high spatial and temporal variability of such environmental drivers, it is hard to make good predictions of CH 4 emissions in the context of land-use changes. Here, we used plant species composition as a stable integrator of environmental drivers of CH 4 emissions. We used weighted averaging regression and calibration to make a direct link between plant species composition and CH 4 flux in an effort to predict values of CH 4 emission for a land-use gradient in two extensive peatland sites. Our predicted CH 4 emissions showed good fit with observed values. Additionally, we showed that a quick characterization of vegetation composition, by the dominant species only, provides equally good predictions of CH 4 emissions. The use of mean groundwater level alone for predicting emissions showed the same predictive power as our models. However, water level showed strong variability in time. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between water level and CH 4 emission can lead to higher errors in predictions at sites with higher CH 4 emission. The performance of our model was comparable with those of mechanistic models developed for natural wetland ecosystems. However, such mechanistic models require complex input parameters that are rarely available. We propose the use of plant species composition as a simple and effective alternative for deriving predictions of CH 4 emissions in peatlands in the context of land-use change.

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Small scale controls of greenhouse gas release under elevated N deposition rates in a restoring peat bog in NW Germany

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog

Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog

Effects of a hydrological protection zone on the restoration of a raised bog: a case study from Northeast-Germany 1997–2008

Plant Species Composition Can Be Used as a Proxy to Predict Methane Emissions in Peatland Ecosystems After Land-Use Changes

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