Small ruminant lentivirus infection influences expression of acute phase proteins and cathelicidin genes in milk somatic cells and peripheral blood leukocytes of dairy goats

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze acute phase protein and cathelicidin gene responses to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection in goats. In uninfected goats, we found higher Cp and lower Fbγ mRNA levels in blood leucocytes (BL) than in milk somatic cells (MSC), as well as lower SAA, Hp, and CRP and higher Cp and AGP concentrations in blood serum than in milk. In SRLV-infected goats, we found higher Fbγ and MAP28 and lower Cp expression in MSC than in BL, and higher SAA, Hp, Fb, and MAP28 and lower AGP concentrations in milk than in blood serum. Higher SAA and Hp expressions in BL and Hp expression in MSC were found in SRLV-infected goats. In SRLV-infected goats, we observed a higher concentration of SAA in blood serum, while in milk, lower SAA, Cp, and MAP28 and higher MAP34 concentrations were observed. The expression profiles of the studied genes differed between BL/serum and MSC/milk. The elevated SAA concentration in blood serum was accompanied by a decreased concentration of SAA and Cp in the milk of infected goats. No differences in the expression of the other studied genes may mean that the SRLV has the ability to evade the immune system, continuing to replicate. The elevated concentration of SAA in blood serum may promote viral multiplication. This higher concentration of SAA in blood serum and simultaneous reduced concentration of SAA and Cp in milk may be additive indicators of this infection.

Acute phase protein expressions in secretory and cistern lining epithelium tissues of the dairy cattle mammary gland during chronic mastitis caused by staphylococci

“…It may also imply that during chronic mammary gland inflammation, when bacteria are present for a longer time in the whole udder, the tissues produce different molecules, such as APPs, to combat infection and reduce pathogenic propagation; however, these molecules are produced at a lower level than during acute inflammation to ensure that the host's cells are not permanently harmed. These findings are in line with different publications describing the immunological response of MECs during mammary gland inflammation [10,17,24,25], but the results for CLECs obtained in this study have not been described before.…”

“…Moreover, free hemoglobin is highly toxic to tissues due to the lipophilic character of heme (i.e., it interacts with the cellular lipid bilayer), and the iron present in heme facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species [15]. Our research illustrates the extrahepatic nature of HP synthesis with MECs-a finding that is in line with other scientific reports [16][17][18].…”

Acute Phase Protein Levels as An Auxiliary Tool in Diagnosing Viral Diseases in Ruminants—A Review

“…They concluded that this difference was not due to the presence of the virus, but to inflammation. However, Reczyńska et al [ 65 ] did find an elevated level of SAA in the blood serum of SRLV-infected goats without clinical signs of CAE, as well as a simultaneous decrease of SAA and Cp levels in the milk of those animals. These results suggest that an analysis should be done in both types of biological material in parallel to diagnose CAE in animals without clinical symptoms of the disease.…”

The impact of organic vs. inorganic selenium on dairy goat productivity and expression of selected genes in milk somatic cells

“…All animals used in the experiment were healthy and in particular were free from small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection, since it influences the expression levels of immune system genes (Bagnicka et al , 2018, Reczyńska et al , 2018). The animals were divided into two analogous groups (according to breed and parity) – the control and experimental – each containing six animals of two breeds: Polish White Improved (PWI) and Polish Fawn Improved (PFI).…”