Small RNAs going the distance during plant development

Chuck, George; O’Connor, Devin

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2009.08.006

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Heteroblasty results from the interaction of developmental programs expressed at both the leaf and the shoot-or wholeplant level (Kerstetter and Poethig 1998;Tsukaya et al 2000;Usami et al 2009;Wu et al 2009;Chuck and O'Connor 2010). Heteroblasty is generally not reversible unless reiterative growth occurs (i.e.…”

Section: Heteroblasty Describes Ontogenetically Dependent Changes In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and functional significance of leaf shape in the angiosperms

Nicotra

Leigh

Boyce

et al. 2011

Functional Plant Biol.

442

396

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Abstract. Angiosperm leaves manifest a remarkable diversity of shapes that range from developmental sequences within a shoot and within crown response to microenvironment to variation among species within and between communities and among orders or families. It is generally assumed that because photosynthetic leaves are critical to plant growth and survival, variation in their shape reflects natural selection operating on function. Several non-mutually exclusive theories have been proposed to explain leaf shape diversity. These include: thermoregulation of leaves especially in arid and hot environments, hydraulic constraints, patterns of leaf expansion in deciduous species, biomechanical constraints, adaptations to avoid herbivory, adaptations to optimise light interception and even that leaf shape variation is a response to selection on flower form. However, the relative importance, or likelihood, of each of these factors is unclear. Here we review the evolutionary context of leaf shape diversification, discuss the proximal mechanisms that generate the diversity in extant systems, and consider the evidence for each the above hypotheses in the context of the functional significance of leaf shape. The synthesis of these broad ranging areas helps to identify points of conceptual convergence for ongoing discussion and integrated directions for future research.

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Section: Heteroblasty Describes Ontogenetically Dependent Changes In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and functional significance of leaf shape in the angiosperms

Nicotra

Leigh

Boyce

et al. 2011

Functional Plant Biol.

442

396

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cellular boundaries play a pivotal role in this integration by maintaining a certain level of cellular autonomy while enabling communication between cells to achieve coordinated gene expression and metabolism within an organism. Cell-to-cell trafficking of specific RNA and protein molecules is emerging as a new paradigm of gene regulation at the whole-organism level in plants, in addition to its fundamental role in the systemic spread of viral infection and defense responses (Giakountis and Coupland, 2008;Kehr and Buhtz, 2008;Lucas et al, 2009;Turgeon and Wolf, 2009;Chitwood and Timmermans, 2010;Chuck and O'Connor, 2010;Hannapel, 2010;Lehesranta et al, 2010). Such trafficking requires rethinking of RNAs and proteins as functioning solely within the cells in which they are produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional RNA Motif inPotato spindle tuber viroidMediates Trafficking from Palisade Mesophyll to Spongy Mesophyll inNicotiana benthamiana

et al. 2011

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Cell-to-cell trafficking of RNA is an emerging biological principle that integrates systemic gene regulation, viral infection, antiviral response, and cell-to-cell communication. A key mechanistic question is how an RNA is specifically selected for trafficking from one type of cell into another type. Here, we report the identification of an RNA motif in Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) required for trafficking from palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This motif, called loop 6, has the sequence 59-CGA-39...59-GAC-39 flanked on both sides by cis Watson-Crick G/C and G/U wobble base pairs. We present a three-dimensional (3D) structural model of loop 6 that specifies all non-Watson-Crick base pair interactions, derived by isostericity-based sequence comparisons with 3D RNA motifs from the RNA x-ray crystal structure database. The model is supported by available chemical modification patterns, natural sequence conservation/variations in PSTVd isolates and related species, and functional characterization of all possible mutants for each of the loop 6 base pairs. Our findings and approaches have broad implications for studying the 3D RNA structural motifs mediating trafficking of diverse RNA species across specific cellular boundaries and for studying the structure-function relationships of RNA motifs in other biological processes.

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“…However, very limited information is available on the mobility of plant miRNAs, another group of small noncoding RNAs. Recent reviews have summarized the miRNAs found in phloem exudates of different plant species, but little information is available on their mobility Buhtz, 2008, 2013;Chuck and O'Connor, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA156: A Potential Graft-Transmissible MicroRNA That Modulates Plant Architecture and Tuberization in Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena

et al. 2013

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MicroRNA156 (miR156) functions in maintaining the juvenile phase in plants. However, the mobility of this microRNA has not been demonstrated. So far, only three microRNAs, miR399, miR395, and miR172, have been shown to be mobile. We demonstrate here that miR156 is a potential graft-transmissible signal that affects plant architecture and tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Under tuber-noninductive (long-day) conditions, miR156 shows higher abundance in leaves and stems, whereas an increase in abundance of miR156 has been observed in stolons under tuber-inductive (short-day) conditions, indicative of a photoperiodic control. Detection of miR156 in phloem cells of wild-type plants and mobility assays in heterografts suggest that miR156 is a graft-transmissible signal. This movement was correlated with changes in leaf morphology and longer trichomes in leaves. Overexpression of miR156 in potato caused a drastic phenotype resulting in altered plant architecture and reduced tuber yield. miR156 overexpression plants also exhibited altered levels of cytokinin and strigolactone along with increased levels of LONELY GUY1 and StCyclin D3.1 transcripts as compared with wild-type plants. RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends analysis validated SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE3 (StSPL3), StSPL6, StSPL9, StSPL13, and StLIGULELESS1 as targets of miR156. Gel-shift assays indicate the regulation of miR172 by miR156 through StSPL9. miR156-resistant SPL9 overexpression lines exhibited increased miR172 levels under a short-day photoperiod, supporting miR172 regulation via the miR156-SPL9 module. Overall, our results strongly suggest that miR156 is a phloem-mobile signal regulating potato development.

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Small RNAs going the distance during plant development

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

The evolution and functional significance of leaf shape in the angiosperms

The evolution and functional significance of leaf shape in the angiosperms

A Three-Dimensional RNA Motif inPotato spindle tuber viroidMediates Trafficking from Palisade Mesophyll to Spongy Mesophyll inNicotiana benthamiana

MicroRNA156: A Potential Graft-Transmissible MicroRNA That Modulates Plant Architecture and Tuberization in Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena

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