Small Purge Method to Sample Vapor from Groundwater Monitoring Wells Screened Across the Water Table

Sweeney, Robert E.; Ririe, G. Todd

doi:10.1111/gwmr.12230

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The first step for creating the SCM is to determine the depth of the oxidation zone, where the downward flux rate of O 2 into the soil is equal to or greater than the upper CH 4 flux from below. At any point in time, this can be estimated by measurement of CH 4 at the base of the vadose zone in pre‐existing monitoring wells (Sookhak Lari et al 2017; Sweeney and Ririe 2017), along with the corresponding temperature profile (Sweeney and Ririe 2014). Once the depth of the oxidation zone is known, then the rate of NSZD can be estimated based on the type of hydrocarbon (methane or LNAPL) being oxidized and the soil properties at the site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept was first evaluated by the EPA where they described a method for collecting vapor samples from existing monitoring wells as an approach to evaluate vapor intrusion (Jewell and Wilson 2011; Wilson et al 2014). The EPA method has been modified to minimize purging (small purge method), and to simplify data collection (Sweeney and Ririe 2017). The modified approach involves dropping tubing into a monitoring well and collecting a vapor sample within 1 foot (0.3 m) above the top of groundwater or LNAPL in the well.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Field Approach to Evaluating Natural Source Zone Depletion for a Range of Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid Sites

Ririe¹,

Sweeney²

2022

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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More rapid cost‐effective approaches are required to enable field evaluation of natural source zone depletion (NSZD) at petroleum LNAPL sites. Long and costly cleanups have continued as NSZD has not become widely acceptable as a remedial option. We have developed a low cost rapid field approach (RFA) and expanded the site conceptual models (SCMs) to include NSZD. Results from two sites are presented that illustrate the benefit of the RFA in supplementing existing data and updating SCMs. At present, most NSZD guidelines follow a single generic SCM (aerobic oxidation of methane) as the primary contributor to NSZD. Aerobic oxidation of LNAPL is also possible, and can be documented by subsurface measurements of soil‐gas composition and/or heat generated from biodegradation. The RFA was developed so that sites could be easily separated into those with and without a methane plume overlying LNAPL. This distinction is important as it defines the relative rates of oxygen transport into the soil, and methane generation and release from saturated zone anaerobic biodegradation. For the RFA, evidence for direct LNAPL oxidation is absence of methane (<0.1%‐v) in the unsaturated zone above LNAPL. This measurement can be readily made in the field using existing monitoring wells. The absence of a methane plume above LNAPL would indicate that NSZD is a result of direct biodegradation of LNAPL. This alternative SCM needs to be considered and evaluated prior to implementing more costly data collection or other remediation or site management options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Field Approach to Evaluating Natural Source Zone Depletion for a Range of Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid Sites

Ririe¹,

Sweeney²

2022

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…LNAPL results mainly from spills of fuels and oils, and its wide range of constituents represents some of the most commonly encountered organic contaminants in the subsurface environment [3]. The characterization of petroleum-contaminated sites has evolved over time, improving the efficiency of the interventions in terms of time and cost [4]. However, it is worth noting that the assessment of LNAPL occurrence and distribution at these sites typically involves the use of traditional methods, including the collection of soil cores to be analyzed in specialized laboratories and the installation of groundwater monitoring wells to measure the apparent thickness of the potentially present supernatant [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface Using the Soil Gas Rn Deficit Technique: A Literature Overview of Field Studies

Cecconi,

Verginelli,

Baciocchi

2024

Sustainability

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222Radon (Rn) was proposed in the late 1990s as a naturally occurring tracer for light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) in the subsurface, due to its preferential partitioning behavior in the non-aqueous phase, resulting in a reduction in Rn activities in areas with LNAPLs in the subsurface compared to unimpacted areas (Rn deficit). The Rn deficit technique emerged as a cost-effective, non-invasive, and sustainable method to rapidly identify and quantify LNAPLs, for the characterization and monitoring of contaminated sites. This paper presents an overview of the technique and its field applications, with a specific focus on the use of the method in the vadose zone based on soil gas Rn measurements. Although various configurations have shown favorable outcomes, limitations persist in the application of the soil gas Rn deficit technique. Deep LNAPL contamination, soil matrix heterogeneity, and temporal variations in Rn emissions pose challenges to quantitative evaluations of LNAPL contamination. Recognizing these factors is crucial for site-specific assessments. This review aims to highlight both the strengths and limitations of the method, providing insights into potential areas for future research while acknowledging the positive outcomes achieved in different configurations over the past decades.

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“…Not only China, heavy metal pollution is a difficult problem facing the whole world. As early as the 1950s, a public nuisance event shocked the world occurred in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan [5]. Many local residents suffer from such symptoms as dyskinesia, numbness of limbs, pain and treatise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Potential of Crawfish to Monitor Hg^2+ Pollution in Water

2020

AJAS

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Water pollution is caused by harmful chemicals, so that the use value of water is reduced or lost. Heavy metal pollution, especially mercury ion pollution, is becoming more and more serious. The purpose of this article is to study the possibility of crayfish antennae potential monitoring of water Hg^2+ pollution. The current situation of water pollution and the experimental principles of this paper are briefly introduced through literature research and investigation, and the effect of different concentrations of mercury ions on the release of the tentacle potential of Kjeldahl with a body weight of 15g was analyzed experimentally. The results showed that the solution of 10 ppb mercury ion concentration had the most obvious inhibition on the release of tentacle potential of crawfish, with a slope of -0.1438. Followed by a mercury ion solution with a concentration of 1 ppb, the slope reached -0.0842. As a whole, the higher the concentration of mercury ions in the solution, the stronger the inhibitory effect on the release of antennae potential of crawfish. The method of monitoring the water body of the crawfish antennae potential has the possibility of application. However, under actual circumstances, the ions in the solution are diverse and extremely rich. It is difficult to ensure that other ions have no effect on the release of tentacle potential of crawfish. The experiments in this article have only been conducted on inorganic mercury ions. In fact, organic mercury still exists in water pollution. Organic pollution cannot be ignored either, and further research is needed.

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Small Purge Method to Sample Vapor from Groundwater Monitoring Wells Screened Across the Water Table

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Rapid Field Approach to Evaluating Natural Source Zone Depletion for a Range of Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid Sites

Rapid Field Approach to Evaluating Natural Source Zone Depletion for a Range of Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid Sites

Assessing Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface Using the Soil Gas Rn Deficit Technique: A Literature Overview of Field Studies

Antenna Potential of Crawfish to Monitor Hg^2+ Pollution in Water

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