Small ponds with major impact: The relevance of ponds and lakes in permafrost landscapes to carbon dioxide emissions

Abnizova, Anna; Siemens, Jan; Langer, Moritz; Boike, Julia

doi:10.1029/2011gb004237

Cited by 150 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Located between the Arctic Ocean and the Siberian Continent, it also serves as a sentinel for changes within the Lena River catchment area. Finally, this site provides a unique opportunity for the study of small scale processes that are important for large-scale predictions (for example, small ponds have a large impact on the CO 2 balance, Abnizova et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ponds are generally well mixed and experience high water temperatures during the summer and are, therefore, hotspots for biological activity and CO 2 emission (Abnizova et al, 2012). The ponds in the study area freeze completely in winter, but the timing of freeze-back can vary by up to 2 months depending on the surface energy balance (Langer et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Hydrosphere: Thermal Characteristics Of Ponds and Thermokarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main features of the annual energy balance are low net radiation, higher atmospheric latent heat flux than sensible heat flux, and a large proportion of soil heat flux Kutzbach, 2006; 2011a, b). Previous research has focused on energy and carbon cycling (Abnizova et al, 2012;Knoblauch et al, 2008;Kutzbach et al, 2004Kutzbach et al, , 2007Liebner et al, 2011;Runkle et al, 2013;Sachs et al, 2008Sachs et al, , 2010Wille et al, 2008), ecosystem C modelling (Zhang et al, 2012), land cover classification Schneider et al, 2009), spatial heterogeneity and upscaling of land surface temperature (Langer et al, 2010), biological and paleoenvironmental reconstruction (Wetterich et al, 2008), and the characteristics of microbial communities (Wagner et al, 2007).…”

Section: Site Description and Data Collection Facilities At The New Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baseline characteristics of climate, permafrost and land cover from a new permafrost observatory in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (1998–2011)

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Samoylov Island is centrally located within the Lena River Delta at 72° N, 126° E and lies within the Siberian zone of continuous permafrost. The landscape on Samoylov Island consists mainly of late Holocene river terraces with polygonal tundra, ponds and lakes, and an active floodplain. The island has been the focus of numerous multidisciplinary studies since 1993, which have focused on climate, land cover, ecology, hydrology, permafrost and limnology. This paper aims to provide a framework for future studies by describing the characteristics of the island's meteorological parameters (temperature, radiation and snow cover), soil temperature, and soil moisture. The land surface characteristics have been described using high resolution aerial images in combination with data from ground-based observations. Of note is that deeper permafrost temperatures have increased between 0.3 to 1.3 °C over the last five years. However, no clear warming of air and active layer temperatures is detected since 1998, though winter air temperatures during recent years have not been as cold as in earlier years. Data related to this article are archived under: http://doi. pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.806233 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrosphere: Thermal Characteristics Of Ponds and Thermokarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Description and Data Collection Facilities At The New Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baseline characteristics of climate, permafrost and land cover from a new permafrost observatory in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (1998–2011)

et al. 2013

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“…Arctic ponds are characterized by intense biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes. They have been identified as a large source of carbon fluxes compared to the surrounding terrestrial environment (Rautio et al, 2011;Laurion et al, 2010;Abnizova et al, 2012;Langer et al, 2015;Wik et al, 2016;Bouchard et al, 2015). Due to their small surface areas and shallow depths, ponds are especially prone to change; various studies reported ponds drying out or increasing in abundance due to new thermokarst or the drainage of large lakes (Jones et al, 2011;Andresen and Lougheed, 2015;Liljedahl et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PeRL: a circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake database

Muster

Roth

Langer

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Ponds and lakes are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. They play an important role in Arctic wetland ecosystems by regulating carbon, water, and energy fluxes and providing freshwater habitats. However, ponds, i.e., waterbodies with surface areas smaller than 1.0 × 10 4 m 2 , have not been inventoried on global and regional scales. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database presents the results of a circum-Arctic effort to map ponds and lakes from modern (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery with a resolution of 5 m or better. The database also includes historical imagery from 1948 to 1965 with a resolution of 6 m or better. PeRL includes 69 maps covering a wide range of environmental conditions from tundra to boreal regions and from continuous to discontinuous permafrost zones. Waterbody maps are linked to regional permafrost landscape maps which provide information on permafrost extent, ground ice volume, geology, and lithology. This paper describes waterbody classification and accuracy, and presents statistics of waterbody distribution for each site. Maps of permafrost landscapes in Alaska, Canada, and Russia are used to extrapolate waterbody statistics from the site level to regional landscape units. PeRL presents pond and lake estimates for a total area of Published by Copernicus Publications. S. Muster et al.: A circum-Arctic PeRL1.4 × 10 6 km 2 across the Arctic, about 17 % of the Arctic lowland (< 300 m a.s.l.) land surface area. PeRL waterbodies with sizes of 1.0 × 10 6 m 2 down to 1.0 × 10 2 m 2 contributed up to 21 % to the total water fraction. Waterbody density ranged from 1.0 × 10 to 9.4 × 10 1 km −2 . Ponds are the dominant waterbody type by number in all landscapes representing 45-99 % of the total waterbody number. The implementation of PeRL size distributions in land surface models will greatly improve the investigation and projection of surface inundation and carbon fluxes in permafrost lowlands. Waterbody maps, study area boundaries, and maps of regional permafrost landscapes including detailed metadata are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.868349.

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“…In many regions, these features maintain the capacity to store and exchange carbon (C) (Macrae et al, 2004;Abnizova et al, 2012), act as a habitat (Smol and Douglas, 2007), and mediate the landscape energy balance (Chapin et al, 2000). These tundra ponds are highly sensitive to climate change (Schindler and Smol, 2006), which may impact their hydrology and biogeochemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing temporal and spatial variability in the chemistry of shallow permafrost ponds

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Across the circumpolar north, the fate of small freshwater ponds and lakes ( < 1 km 2 ) has been the subject of scientific interest due to their ubiquity in the landscape, capacity to exchange carbon and energy with the atmosphere, and their potential to inform researchers about past climates through sediment records. A changing climate has implications for the capacity of ponds and lakes to support organisms and store carbon, which in turn has important feedbacks to climate change. Thus, an improved understanding of pond biogeochemistry is needed. To characterize spatial and temporal patterns in water column chemistry, a suite of tundra ponds were examined to answer the following research questions: (1) does temporal variability exceed spatial variability? (2) If temporal variability exists, do all ponds (or groups of ponds) behave in a similar temporal pattern, linked to seasonal hydrologic drivers or precipitation events? Six shallow ponds located in the Hudson Bay Lowlands region were monitored between May and October 2015 (inclusive, spanning the entire open-water period). The ponds span a range of biophysical conditions including pond area, perimeter, depth, and shoreline development. Water samples were collected regularly, both bimonthly over the ice-free season and intensively during and following a large summer storm event. Samples were analysed for nitrogen speciation (NO − 3 , NH + 4 , dissolved organic nitrogen) and major ions (Cl − , SO 2− 4 , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + ). Across all ponds, temporal variability (across the season and within a single rain event) exceeded spatial variability (variation among ponds) in concentrations of several major species (Cl − , SO 2− 4 , K + , Ca 2+ , Na + ). Evapoconcentration and dilution of pond water with precipitation and runoff inputs were the dominant processes influencing a set of chemical species which are hydrologically driven (Cl − , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , dissolved organic nitrogen), whereas the dissolved inorganic nitrogen species were likely mediated by processes within ponds. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding hydrologically driven chemodynamics in permafrost ponds on multiple scales (seasonal and event scale).

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Small ponds with major impact: The relevance of ponds and lakes in permafrost landscapes to carbon dioxide emissions

Cited by 150 publications

References 58 publications

Baseline characteristics of climate, permafrost and land cover from a new permafrost observatory in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (1998–2011)

Baseline characteristics of climate, permafrost and land cover from a new permafrost observatory in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (1998–2011)

PeRL: a circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake database

Capturing temporal and spatial variability in the chemistry of shallow permafrost ponds

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