Abstract:Hierarchical porous hydroxyapatite microspheres with a pit in the center were prepared under the synergistic effect of inositol hexakisphosphate and copper ions.
“…In particular, the band due to υ P=O groups shifted from 1192 cm −1 in the PA spectrum to 1185 cm −1 in the GPhy spectra, and the intense peak at 1056 cm −1 attributed to υ C–O alcohols, υ P–O and P–O–C, and υ C–O glycosidic, moved to 1035 cm −1 in the GPhy spectra. Finally, the absorption band at 970 cm −1 assigned to –PO 3 groups, and peaks at 915 and 851 cm −1 assigned to υ P–O and P–O–C bonds shifted respect to PA. All these findings observed in the GPhy spectra indicated changes in the chemical environment of phosphate groups because of the condensation reaction 27,30,32 .Figure 2ATR-FTIR spectra obtained for PA, G 1 Phy and G 3 Phy.…”
Phytic acid (PA) is a natural-occurring antioxidant, which plays an important role in many biological processes. PA is recognized as a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation because of its high affinity to multivalent cations, and it can play a role in osteogenic processes. However, its powerful chelating capacity is controversial because it can lead to a severe reduction of mineral availability in the organism. For this reason, compounds with beneficial biological properties of PA, but a modular ion binding capacity, are of high interest. In this work, we report the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of two hydroxylic derivatives of PA, named glycerylphytates (GPhy), through a condensation reaction of PA with glycerol (G). Both derivatives present antioxidant properties, measured by ferrozine/FeCl
2
method and chelating activity with calcium ions depending on the content of glyceryl groups incorporated. Besides, the hydroxylic modification not only modulates the ion binding affinity of derivatives but also improves their cytocompatibility in human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MSCs). Furthermore, GPhy derivatives display osteogenic properties, confirmed by
COL1A
and
ALPL
expression depending on composition. These positive features convert GPhy compounds into potent alternatives for those skeletal diseases treatments where PA is tentatively applied.
“…In particular, the band due to υ P=O groups shifted from 1192 cm −1 in the PA spectrum to 1185 cm −1 in the GPhy spectra, and the intense peak at 1056 cm −1 attributed to υ C–O alcohols, υ P–O and P–O–C, and υ C–O glycosidic, moved to 1035 cm −1 in the GPhy spectra. Finally, the absorption band at 970 cm −1 assigned to –PO 3 groups, and peaks at 915 and 851 cm −1 assigned to υ P–O and P–O–C bonds shifted respect to PA. All these findings observed in the GPhy spectra indicated changes in the chemical environment of phosphate groups because of the condensation reaction 27,30,32 .Figure 2ATR-FTIR spectra obtained for PA, G 1 Phy and G 3 Phy.…”
Phytic acid (PA) is a natural-occurring antioxidant, which plays an important role in many biological processes. PA is recognized as a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation because of its high affinity to multivalent cations, and it can play a role in osteogenic processes. However, its powerful chelating capacity is controversial because it can lead to a severe reduction of mineral availability in the organism. For this reason, compounds with beneficial biological properties of PA, but a modular ion binding capacity, are of high interest. In this work, we report the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of two hydroxylic derivatives of PA, named glycerylphytates (GPhy), through a condensation reaction of PA with glycerol (G). Both derivatives present antioxidant properties, measured by ferrozine/FeCl
2
method and chelating activity with calcium ions depending on the content of glyceryl groups incorporated. Besides, the hydroxylic modification not only modulates the ion binding affinity of derivatives but also improves their cytocompatibility in human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MSCs). Furthermore, GPhy derivatives display osteogenic properties, confirmed by
COL1A
and
ALPL
expression depending on composition. These positive features convert GPhy compounds into potent alternatives for those skeletal diseases treatments where PA is tentatively applied.
“…Researchers are now attempting to insert trace metallic ions into materials as such a method has lower regulatory restrictions and risks as compared to osteoinductive methods. It was reported that incorporation of certain specific metallic ions into bone substitute biomaterials may enhance bioactivity, biocompatibility, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties [11,12,13,14]. A commonly used material for bone tissue engineering, known as calcium silicate (CS)-based ceramics, is known for its potential in guiding new bone growth and regeneration and has a higher osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and biocompatibility than other calcium phosphate-based materials [15].…”
In this study, we synthesized strontium-contained calcium silicate (SrCS) powder and fabricated SrCS scaffolds with controlled precise structures using 3D printing techniques. SrCS scaffolds were shown to possess increased mechanical properties as compared to calcium silicate (CS) scaffolds. Our results showed that SrCS scaffolds had uniform interconnected macropores (~500 µm) with a compressive strength 2-times higher than that of CS scaffolds. The biological behaviors of SrCS scaffolds were assessed using the following characteristics: apatite-precipitating ability, cytocompatibility, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). With CS scaffolds as controls, our results indicated that SrCS scaffolds demonstrated good apatite-forming bioactivity with sustained release of Si and Sr ions. The in vitro tests demonstrated that SrCS scaffolds possessed excellent biocompatibility which in turn stimulated adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs. In addition, the SrCS scaffolds were able to enhance MSCs synthesis of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and suppress macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) thus disrupting normal bone homeostasis which led to enhanced bone formation over bone resorption. Implanted SrCS scaffolds were able to promote new blood vessel growth and new bone regeneration within 4 weeks after implantation in critical-sized rabbit femur defects. Therefore, it was shown that 3D printed SrCS scaffolds with specific controllable structures can be fabricated and SrCS scaffolds had enhanced mechanical property and osteogenesis behavior which makes it a suitable potential candidate for bone regeneration.
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