“…To date, there is still no standard classification for sORFs but researchers have made attempts to classify them into different categories (Ong et al, 2022). Ong et al (2022) have summarized classifications from several studies, namely, sORF (Orr et al, 2020), upstream ORF (uORF; Couso and Patraquim, 2017; Fesenko et al, 2019; Khitun et al, 2019; Orr et al, 2020; Takahashi et al, 2019), intergenic sORF (Couso and Patraquim, 2017; Khitun et al, 2019), sORF with translational potential (Khitun et al, 2019), long noncoding ORF (lncORF; Couso and Patraquim, 2017), short CDS (Couso and Patraquim, 2017), short isoform (Couso and Patraquim, 2017), downstream ORF (dORF; Fesenko et al, 2019), CDS-sORF (Fesenko et al, 2019), interlaced-sORF (Fesenko et al, 2019), miPEP (Takahashi et al, 2019), microprotein (Takahashi et al, 2019), hormone-like peptides (Takahashi et al, 2019), and defensin (Takahashi et al, 2019). Other than coding regions, sORFs can also be found in mitochondrial RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) (Orr et al, 2020).…”