Small Numbers, Big Challenges: Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Incidence and Survival in New Zealand

Ballantine, Kirsten; Watson, H. Geoffrey; Macfarlane, Scott; Winstanley, Mark; Corbett, Robin; Spearing, Ruth; Stevanović, Vladimir; Ma, Yi; Sullivan, Michael J.

doi:10.1089/jayao.2016.0074

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Improvements in childhood leukemia survival over time have been reported internationally and have been suggested to be most likely due to advances in treatment, standardization of treatment protocols and improvements in diagnosis of leukemia (Bonaventure et al, 2017) Among the childhood cancers, for children and adolescents aged 0-19, the highest 5-year survival rate was observed in malignant epithelial neoplasms (84.2%) while the lowest survival was for CNS tumours (44.1%). Adolescents aged 15-19 years diagnosed with CNS tumours observed 5-year survival rate of 16.7%, much lower than studies reported internationally with estimates that range from 39.4% to 54.8% (Bidwell et al, 2019;Ballantine et al, 2017). The low survival rate observed in this study indicates a need for future follow-up studies focusing on the specific group of cancer, age groups and the associated risk factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Leong

Ong

Jali

et al. 2020

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: This study aims to determine the survival rates for children and adolescents aged 0-19 years diagnosed with childhood cancer and to evaluate the associated factors for childhood cancer survival in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: The analysis was based on de-identified data of 263 childhood cancer for the period 2002 to 2017 retrieved from a population-based cancer registry. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis, using the log-rank test, was used to examine the differences in survival between groups. Multivariate analysis, using the Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) regression model, was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and select the significant associated factors for childhood cancer patients' survival. Results: The overall 1-, 5-and 10-year survival rates for all childhood cancers combined were 79.4%, 70.0% and 68.8% respectively. The most common types of cancer were leukemias, malignant epithelial neoplasms, lymphomas and tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-year survival estimates were highest for malignant epithelial neoplasms (84.2%) while the lowest was tumours of the CNS (44.1%). Log rank tests showed significant differences in childhood cancer patients' survival between tumour types and period of diagnosis. In the Cox PH analysis, the presence of lymphomas, gonodal and germ cell neoplasms, and malignant epithelial neoplasms compared to leukemia; children aged 1-4 and 5-9 years compared to adolescents aged 15-19 years; and periods of diagnosis in 2002-2006 and 2007-2011 compared to 2012-2017 were significantly associated with lower hazard of death in this study. Conclusion: This study provides a baseline measurement of childhood cancer survival for monitoring and evaluation of cancer control programmes, to allow planning of cancer control program strategies such as surveillance, screening, and treatment to improve childhood survival rates in Brunei Darussalam.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Leong

Ong

Jali

et al. 2020

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…Americans aged between 55 and 74 comprise 44.9% of all diagnosed melanomas in the United States (6). While melanoma incidence is lower among people <40 years of age, it is one of the most common cancers diagnosed among adolescent and young adults (66,67). In the United States, melanoma is the second most common cancer among women aged between 20 and 29 (6).…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Matthews

Qureshi

et al. 2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

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Melanoma is a potentially lethal cancer that is most commonly cutaneous. The worldwide incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly over the course of the last 50 years. Its incidence is greatest among fair-skinned populations, and in regions of lower latitude. Incidence is greater among geriatric populations, but melanoma is also among the most common cancers found in adolescent and young adult populations. In fact, it is one of the leading cancers in average years of life lost per death from disease. Melanoma incidence varies by sex, which is also associated with differences in melanoma anatomic site. Similar differences by region, ethnicity, age, and sex are observed in mortality rates of melanoma. In the setting of rising incidence and mortality, melanoma bears a heavy health and economic burden. Attributable costs are several billion in nations with greater melanoma incidence. Preventative strategies have been implemented in multiple high-risk regions with variable success. It is imperative that research efforts Epidemiology of Melanoma 4 achieve better understanding of the risk factors and etiology of disease, with the goal to halt and reverse the progressive trend of rising incidence and mortality from melanoma.

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“…Specialist and age-specific cancer services are developing globally. 7,13,14,16,17 Within Australia, the Federal Government committed funding to the establishment of national Youth Cancer Service (YCS) sites in 2010 in an effort to improve coordinated AYA oncology care and outcomes. 7,13 Since this time, YCS sites have continued to evolve across Australia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: Barriers in Access to Psychosocial Support

Holland

Walker

Henney

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology

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Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) experience cancer at a time of significant developmental transition. Both disease and treatment impact psychosocial well-being in significant, persistent ways. While the impacts are now described, and the need for psychosocial care is increasingly well recognized, to date, the barriers in access to care have not been well delineated. This is essential to understand to facilitate access to appropriate care and improve outcomes. Methods: This study explored the barriers in access to psychosocial care for young people. Semistructured, audio-recorded interviews were undertaken with 16 AYAs aged 15-25 years. Eligible participants were diagnosed within the previous 24 months and recruited through the Queensland Youth Cancer Service (QYCS). Transcribed interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Barriers in access to support were related to person-centered, service-related, and systemic factors. Barriers experienced at diagnosis and during treatment were less common compared with barriers after treatment; these were significant and largely related to a lack of holistic, multidisciplinary survivorship care. Conclusion: Barriers in access to psychosocial care are multifactorial, although most can be addressed through health-service responses. Ensuring standardized referral and repeated introduction of psychosocial care for young people is imperative, regardless of location of treatment. Flexible services are especially important for patients treated across different facilities. The development of comprehensive post-treatment survivorship models of care is also essential. Continued evaluation of the experience of young people and the barriers they face is also crucial to ensure responsive service development and promote optimal care.

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Small Numbers, Big Challenges: Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Incidence and Survival in New Zealand

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Childhood Cancer Survival in Brunei Darussalam

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: Barriers in Access to Psychosocial Support

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