Small-Molecule Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Fitzpatrick, Leo R.; Woldemariam, Tibebe Z.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.12404-7

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Gallic acid is a phenolic secondary metabolite found in abundance in plants; in the bark, wood, leaf, fruit, root and seeds. Chemically, it is 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzonic acid ( Fitzpatrick and Woldermariam, 2017 ). It is a natural antioxidant that also has anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.…”

Section: Natural Immunosuppressant Agents- Adjuvants To Target the Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response, there is a massive cytokine and chemokine release, referred to as the ‘cytokine storm’. As a result, such patients exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory/modulatory cytokines and chemokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCSF, HGF and chemokines CXCL8, MCP1, IP10, MIP1α and MIP1β. Targeting this cytokine storm is a novel, promising treatment strategy to alleviate this excess influx of cytokines observed at the site of infection and their subsequent disastrous consequences. Natural immunosuppressant compounds, derived from plant sources like curcumin, luteolin, piperine, resveratrol are known to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This inhibitory effect is mediated by altering signal pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK that are involved in the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. The use of these natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to ameliorate the cytokine storm; in combination with antiviral agents and other treatment drugs currently in use presents a novel, synergistic approach for the treatment and effective cure of COVID-19. This review briefly describes the immunopathogenesis of the cytokine storm observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and details some natural immunosuppressants that can be used as adjuvants in treating COVID-19 disease.

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Section: Natural Immunosuppressant Agents- Adjuvants To Target the Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Gallic acid, also known as trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a member of the hydroxybenzoic acids [ 219 ]. It is widely found in grapes, chestnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea, oak, and other plants [ 220 ].…”

Section: Non-flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.

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“…The substances contained in WDT are gingerols [ 2 , 30 ], a group of volatile phenolic compounds [ 92 , 93 ]. Gingerols are categorized according to their alkyl chain length, e.g., (6)-gingerol, (8)-gingerol, and (10)-gingerol, where (6)-gingerol is the most abundant compound segregated from ginger, while other gingerols are present in lower concentrations [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wen Dan Tang: A Potential Jing Fang Decoction for Headache Disorders?

Pradhan

Gantenbein

et al. 2022

Medicines

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Background: Chinese herbal medicine is considered relatively safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Wen Dan Tang (WDT), a Jing Fang ancient classical Chinese herbal formula with a broad indication profile has been used for several centuries in China to treat various illnesses. Question: Are there evidence-based clinical trials that show that WDT has a significant impact on the treatment of various diseases, especially in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH)? Methods: This study is based on an online database search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, AcuTrials, Embase, Semantic Scholar, Jstor, internet research, and review of ancient and modern Chinese medical textbooks regarding WDT and its compounds. Results: There were no studies on WDT in migraine and TTH; therefore, this work gathers and describes data for every single compound in the formula. Conclusion: This study suggests that the bioactive compounds found in WDT composition show potential in treating patients with neurological, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and digestive disorders. Some coherence between WDT in headache reduction and improvements in the quality of life in patients with migraines and TTH could be evaluated, showing positive results of WDT in these patients.

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Small-Molecule Drugs for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Wen Dan Tang: A Potential Jing Fang Decoction for Headache Disorders?

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