Small Intestinal Mucins Are Secreted in Proportion to the Settling Volume in Water of Dietary Indigestible Components in Rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of dietary indigestible components on small intestinal mucin secretion. We prepared polystyrene foam (PSF) with different expansion ratios (PSF-30, -60 and -90) in which powders had different settling volumes in water (SV). Rats were fed a purified diet containing 0, 10, 30, or 90 g of PSF-60/kg for 10 d. After 8 h of food deprivation, rats were refed 3 g of their respective diets within 90 min. Small intestinal mucin fractions were prepared, and periodic acid/Schiff-reactive substances and O-linked oligosaccharide chains were determined as mucin markers. Feeding of PSF-60 increased the small intestinal mucin secretion dose dependently (control vs. 30 or 60 g of PSF-60/kg, P < 0.05). When rats were fed either purified diet or diets containing PSF-30, 60, or 90 at 10 g/kg for 7 d, small intestinal mucins were greatly affected by the SV of the respective PSF tested. Rats fed the diet containing PSF-90 with the highest SV had the highest amount of mucins (vs. control, P < 0.05). In some natural dietary fibers, the small intestinal mucins and SV were correlated (r = 0.967, P = 0.002). Finally, rats were fed a purified diet or that diet containing 50 g of PSF-60/kg for 7 d. Then, each dietary group was further divided into 2 groups. After 8 h of food deprivation, rats were refed 3 g of purified or PSF diet. Greater mucins in the small intestine were manifest only in rats previously fed the PSF diet whether they were refed purified or PSF diet (control vs. PSF, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the small intestinal mucins are secreted in proportion to the SV of dietary indigestible components, and chronic ingestion of indigestible components is required for the appearance of enhanced mucin secretion.

Effect of Non-Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) of Wheat and Barley Supplemented with Exogenous Enzyme Blend on Growth Performance, Gut Microbial, Pancreatic Enzyme Activities, Expression of Glucose Transporter (SGLT1) and Mucin Producer (MUC2) Genes of Broiler Chickens

“…Also the lining of the intestinal epithelial mucin plays a vital role to the protection of tissues, including protection of the gut against acidic stomach chyme and hydrolyzing pancreatic enzymes, slippery surface to facilitate the transportation of materials such as roughage and fiber, protection against invasion and establishment of pathogenic microbes as well as the treatment of intestinal absorption and facilitation of the transfer of nutrients to the cells (Smirnov et al, 2004(Smirnov et al, , 2006Tanabe et al, 2005). MUCIN layers are divided in two parts, including loose and tight layers, which action and composition are different.…”

“…Blend on Growth Performance, Gut Microbial, Pancreatic Enzyme Activities, Expression of Glucose Transporter (SGLT1) and Mucin Producer (MUC2) Genes of Broiler Chickens the mentioned factors can alter mucin synthesis and mucin disposal rate (Montagne et al, 2003(Montagne et al, , 2004Cowieson et al, 2004;Tanabe et al, 2005).…”

“…The major portion of NSP in wheat is arabinoxylan polymers, whereas NSP in barley are polymers of (1→3) (1→4)-β-glucans (Choct 1997;Yin et al 2000;Jamroz et al 2002). A review of literature indicates that the presence of anti-nutritive compounds in the digestive tract of birds, cause predominant negative changes in the gut such as increasing the product shelf life, physicochemical properties of digesta (viscosity and pH), and impede the action of indigenous enzymes through the gut (Choct & Annison, 1992 a,b;Hetland et al, 2004), along with some changes in the intestinal environment and structure of the lining surface with the impact on the quantity and quality of relevant gene expression (Ferraris, 2001;Smirnov et al, 2004;Tanabe et al, 2005). Associate gene transporting nutrients through the gut enterocytes such as glucose, amino acids, peptides and genes involved in production and secretion of mucin as an important ingredient of mucus coating the intestinal tissue are the most effective factors in the intestinal environment and structural changes (Smirnov et al, 2006;Horn et al, 2009;Gilbert et al, 2010).…”

“…Because high-fiber feeds increase mucin excretion through the gut wall, high consumption of fiber increases the level of gene expression and increases mucin synthesis rate in the intestine (Smirnov et al, 2004;Tanabe et al, 2005;Smirnov et al, 2006;Mott et al, 2008). These negative impacts would eliminate use of exogenous enzymes, but the combination of different types of enzymes has a better influence and results in more efficacy (Cowan & Hastrupt, 1995;Ravindran et al, 1999;Slominski, 2011).…”

Morphometric Features and Glycoconjugate Pattern of Rabbit Intestine are Affected by Particle Size of Pelleted Diets

“…Dietary factors such as xylanase, phytate, and fibers have been shown to increase mucin secretion (Sharma et al, 1997;Montagne et al, 2003;Cowieson et al, 2004;Tanabe et al, 2005). Anti-nutritional factors (phytates, antigenic proteins, tannins, lectins) as well as proteolysis and physical abrasion are the primary factors governing the presence of mucin in the gastrointestinal lumen (Montagne et al, 2000a,b).…”