Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Chorionic MSCs as Modern Perspective towards Cell-Free Therapy

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest to scientists due to their application in cell therapy of many diseases, as well as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Recently, there has been growing evidence surrounding the research based on extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially small EVs (sEVs)/exosomes derived from MSCs. EVs/exosomes can be secreted by almost all cell types and various types of EVs show multiple functions. In addition, MSCs-derived exosomes have similar characteristics and biological activities to MSCs and their therapeutic applications are considered as a safe strategy in cell-free therapy. The aim of this study was the characterization of MSCs isolated from the chorion (CHo-MSCs) of human full-term placenta, as well as the isolation and analysis of small EVs obtained from these cells. Accordingly, in this study, the ability of small EVs’ uptake is indicated by synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts and periosteum-derived MSCs. Improvement in the understanding of the structure, characteristics, mechanism of action and potential application of MSCs-derived small EVs can provide new insight into improved therapeutic strategies.

Isolation of Bovine Milk Exosome Using Electrophoretic Oscillation Assisted Tangential Flow Filtration with Antifouling of Micro-ultrafiltration Membrane Filters

“…Next, to test whether isolated exosomes retain biological functions, we carried out exosome-uptake experiments with epidermal keratinocyte cells, the major cell type of epidermis (Figure f). To visualize bovine milk exosomes with low background and high selectivity, we fluorescently labeled milk exosome membranes with red dyes using an ExoGlow-Membrane labeling kit . The nucleus of the keratinocyte cells was stained with a blue fluorescent dye (DAPI) before the uptake of red-labeled milk exosomes, as shown in Figure g.…”

“…Several morphological and biological analyses, specifically nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), negative-stained TEM, and Western blot analysis, also confirmed that the EPOTF method could isolate bovine milk exosomes in high concentrations with high purity and undeformed shape. To visualize bovine milk exosomes, we also used an ExoGlow-Membrane labeling kit to label the membrane of milk exosomes with a red fluorescent dye, which is absorbed into epidermal keratinocyte cells . Finally, we optimized the appropriate isolation conditions to maintain proper permeability, long-term filtration efficiency, and low susceptibility to flow pressure and Joule heating.…”

Characterization of human placenta-derived exosome (pExo) as a potential osteoarthritis disease modifying therapeutic

“…Similar to exosomes secreted by cultured AFSCs [ 24 ], small extracellular vesicles obtained from chorionic-derived MSCs were also characterized to explore their potential in OA treatment [ 49 ]. Other biomaterials or biologics derived from human placentas demonstrated reduced pain, cartilage damage, and inflammation without product-related adverse findings in animal models of OA [ 18 – 23 ].…”

Soluble and EV-Associated Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Knee Osteoarthritis Pathology and Detection

“…EVs contain and protect useful biological information, including proteins, lipids, lncRNA, mRNAs, and regulatory miRNA [ 140 ]. Janockova et al demonstrated that small EVs and their content can be taken-up by different types of cells isolated from tissues associated with OA (SF, osteoblasts and periosteum-derived MSCs) suggesting their prospective role in the treatment of OA [ 142 ]. It is thought that EVs have the ability to act as paracrine effectors and mediators of cell-to-cell communication [ 62 ].…”