Small Differences in Thyroid Function May Be Important for Body Mass Index and the Occurrence of Obesity in the Population

Knudsen, Nils; Laurberg, Peter; Rasmussen, Lone Banke; Bülow, Inge; Perrild, Hans; Ovesen, Lars; Jørgensen, Torben

doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2225

Cited by 644 publications

(626 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For the metabolic study, all patients were examined in the morning after an overnight (12-14 h) fast. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for the determination of the lipid profile, plasma glucose, insulin, TSH, FT 3 and FT 4 concentrations. A 75-g OGTT was then performed, with sampling done for every 15 min within the first hour and thereafter for every 30 min for the following 2 h, for measuring levels of plasma glucose and insulin.…”

Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fasting concentrations of serum total cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were determined as described elsewhere (Synchron CX4, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Brea, CA, USA). Plasma insulin was measured using a radioimmumoassay (Linco Research, St Charles, MO, USA), and TSH, FT 3 and FT 4 levels were measured using a fully automated immunoenzymometric assay (AIA 600 System, TOSOH Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An assessment of thyroid function in severe obesity has shown conflicting results. In a large population study conducted in euthyroid patients from Denmark, 3 the body mass index (BMI) was found to be positively associated with serum TSH and inversely related to free tetraiodotyronine (FT 4 ). This finding has been confirmed in other studies, [4][5][6] but not in all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes: effects of weight loss

et al. 2009

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Objective: Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and FT 3 levels are often found in clinically euthyroid obese individuals. Information on thyroid gene expression in human adipose tissue is scarce. The objective of this study was to measure the expression of the TSH receptor (TSHR) and the thyroid hormone receptor (TRa1) genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obese individuals and to test the effect of weight loss on these genes. Study Design and Participants: This study is a prospective study involving 107 obese (body mass index (BMI) ¼ 46±8 kg m À2 , 52 with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance) and 12 lean nondiabetic participants. A total of 27 obese patients were restudied 1 year after gastric bypass surgery. Total RNA was extracted from SAT and VAT obtained at baseline from all participants, and from SAT in obese patients post surgery. Results: Circulating TSH and FT 3 levels were 170 and 36%, respectively, higher in obese patients than in controls. In SAT, TSHR and TRa1 were reduced in the obese by 67 and 33%, respectively, regardless of glucose tolerance. A similar trend was found in VAT. Post surgery, a BMI decrease of 33% was associated with a decrease in TSH and FT 3 levels and with a 150 and 70% increase in SAT of TSHR and TRa1, respectively. Conclusion: In both subcutaneous and visceral fat, the thyroid gene expression (especially TSHR) is reduced in obesity. The reversal of these changes with major weight loss and the reciprocal changes in plasma TSH and FT 3 levels suggest a role for adipocytes in the regulation of TSH and thyroid hormones.

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Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes: effects of weight loss

et al. 2009

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“…Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolism and the impact of even small alterations to thyroid hormone levels on body composition is evidenced by weight changes in patients with thyroid dysfunction (41)(42)(43) . Another mechanism by which BPA exposure may lead to weight gain is through activation of PPARγ.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol A exposure and associations with obesity among adults: a critical review

Oppeneer

Robien

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To review the literature on bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and obesity in human populations. Design: Systematic review of the literature via searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and reference lists for articles published to 1 August 2014. Setting: China, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Sweden, UK, USA. Subjects: Adults (≥18 years). Results: Eighteen articles were identified and included in the review. Twelve studies included secondary evaluations of BPA exposure and BMI, and six studies evaluated body composition as the primary outcome. All analyses were crosssectional and no study included in the review received a positive quality rating (twelve negative, six neutral). Eight studies observed a statistically significant positive association between urinary or serum BPA levels and BMI, and ten studies observed no association. Studies where BMI was a primary outcome and studies of neutral quality were more likely to observe an association. Conclusions: Study results are conflicting and significant methodological issues limit the ability to draw conclusions from these studies. Prospective studies that measure BPA exposure and changes in body weight and composition are needed to establish temporality, causality and the direction of any observed associations.

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“…Goiter patients have previously been used as control patients in comparative studies of mental functioning of patients with other endocrine disorders, 28 and although non-toxic goiter, like obesity, is associated with low socioeconomic status, 29 non-toxic goiter is not known to directly influence mood regulation or brain function. A recent study suggests that subtle, and subclinical, disturbances in thyroid function may be associated with weight gain, 30 and nontoxic goiter may thus also be associated with obesity. The fact that the patients from the two control groups did not have a significantly different risk of affective disorders increases our confidence in the validity of the marginally higher rates of affective disorders found among patients hospitalized with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased relative risk of subsequent affective disorders in patients with a hospital diagnosis of obesity

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the risk of clinical affective disorders of patients who were hospitalized because of obesity in the study period 1 January 1977 to 31 December 1999. Method: Using data from Danish hospital registers, three study cohorts were identified by their diagnoses at discharge from hospital: one cohort comprising all patients with a first hospital admission with an index diagnosis of obesity, and two control cohorts comprising all patients with a first hospital admission with an index diagnosis of osteoarthritis or of non-toxic goiter, respectively. Later admissions to psychiatric hospital wards with discharge diagnoses of affective disorders were used as outcome events. Rates of readmission were estimated using competing risks models in survival analyses. Age, sex, abuse, and calendar time were included as covariables in the analyses. Results: A study sample of 165 425 patients discharged with an index diagnosis was identified. In total, 1081 events occurred in the observation period. An index diagnosis of obesity was associated with an increased risk of affective-disorders hospitalization when compared with patients with osteoarthritis (Rate ratio: 1.35 (95% CI: 1.09-1.67)) and tended to be associated with an increased risk when compared to patients with non-toxic goiter (Rate ratio: 1.23 (95% CI: 0.99-1.53)). Patients with obesity diagnoses who did not have additional hospital diagnoses of substance-or alcohol abuse had a risk of affective disorders that was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.23-1.95) times greater than that of osteoarthritis patients without abuse diagnoses. Conclusions: Patients hospitalized with obesity may be prone to developing affective disorders that require in-hospital treatment, but the excess risk is modest. Severe obesity seems to be associated with other risk factors for mood disorders than those related to comorbid alcohol-or substance abuse.

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Small Differences in Thyroid Function May Be Important for Body Mass Index and the Occurrence of Obesity in the Population

Abstract: Our results suggest that thyroid function (also within the normal range) could be one of several factors acting in concert to determine body weight in a population. Even slightly elevated serum TSH levels are associated with an increase in the occurrence of obesity.

Cited by 644 publications

References 43 publications

Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes: effects of weight loss

Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes: effects of weight loss

Bisphenol A exposure and associations with obesity among adults: a critical review

Increased relative risk of subsequent affective disorders in patients with a hospital diagnosis of obesity

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