Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to other lipoprotein biomarkers for predicting coronary heart disease among individuals with normal fasting glucose: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Nomura, Sarah; Karger, Amy B.; Garg, Parveen K.; Cao, Jing; Bhatia, Harpreet; Duran, Edward K.; Duprez, Daniel; Guan, Weihua; Tsai, Michael Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100436

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Studies on predictors of CVDs are ongoing, and a recent Korean study showed that apolipoprotein B has a greater impact on CVDs risk than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-C [ 45 ]. In another study, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein particles were also associated with CHD [ 46 ]. All the above indexes have the potential to be markers for predicting CVDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index with Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Large Cross-Sectional Study

Xiao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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In the U.S. general population, there is a lack of understanding regarding the association between the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index and estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result, the objective of our research was to investigate the association between the SII index and ePWV, AIP, and TyG index and incident CVD. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2018 to conduct this study. The correlation between the SII index and ePWV, AIP, and TyG index was examined using generalized additive models with smooth functions. In addition, the association between SII index and triglyceride (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fast glucose (FBG) also were explored. Finally, we further performed multivariable logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots, and subgroup analysis to study the connection between the SII index and CVD. Our analysis included 17389 subjects from the NHANES database. A substantial positive association existed between SII, WV, and the TyG index. In addition, with the increase of the SII index, AIP showed a trend of decreasing first, then rising, and then decreasing. The SII index was inversely and linearly associated with triglyceride (TG), while positively and linearly associated with fast glucose (FBG). However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had a tendency of first declining, then climbing, and finally falling with the rise in the SII index. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with the lowest quartiles, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for CVD across the quartiles were 0.914 (0.777, 1.074), 0.935 (0.779, 1.096), and 1.112 (0.956, 1.293) for SII index. The RCS plot showed an inverse U-shaped curve relationship between the SII index and CVD. Overall, this study found a strong correlation between a higher SII index and ePWV and the TyG index. Additionally, these cross-sectional data also revealed a U-shaped connection between the SII index and CVD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index with Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Large Cross-Sectional Study

Xiao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…However, their implementation in routine medical laboratories and subsequent application in clinical practice requires further standardization and normalization [116]. So far, several biomarkers have been used for sdLDL characterization, including sdLDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) level, and LDL particle number (LDL-P) and size, and they are generally comparable in terms of CVD prediction [117]. In parallel, certain lipid ratios, particularly TG/HDL-C [118], TG/LDL-C [119], or apoB/LDL-C [120], have been suggested as suitable alternative indices of increased sdLDL particles in the plasma.…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel, certain lipid ratios, particularly TG/HDL-C [118], TG/LDL-C [119], or apoB/LDL-C [120], have been suggested as suitable alternative indices of increased sdLDL particles in the plasma. From the current perspective, sdLDL-C seems to have the greatest potential for clinical application in both primary and secondary prevention [117,121].…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk

Vekic,

Stromsnes,

Mazzalai

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels of ROS contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage to macromolecules, particularly by oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. One of the most prominent features of atherogenic dyslipidemia is plasma accumulation of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, characterized by an increased susceptibility to oxidation. Indeed, a considerable and diverse body of evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies was generated supporting oxidative modification of sdLDL particles as the earliest event in atherogenesis. Lipid peroxidation of LDL particles results in the formation of various bioactive species that contribute to the atherosclerotic process through different pathophysiological mechanisms, including foam cell formation, direct detrimental effects, and receptor-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this paper, we will discuss recent data on the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and atherogenic dyslipidemia and their interplay in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, a special focus will be placed on the clinical applicability of novel, promising biomarkers of these processes.

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“… NA 131 Elevated apoB are superior in assessing the residual risk of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in participants with statin treatment. Nomura SO, 2023 42 US Cohort Coronary heart disease To compare small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) with apolipoprotein B (apo B), and LDL-c in predicting CHD risk in generally healthy adults with normal fasting glucose (NFG). NA 3258 Apo B, LDL-P and sdLDL-C are all significantly associated with CHD risk in normoglycemic, non-diabetic individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%