Small-Dense LDL Cholesterol/Large-Buoyant LDL Cholesterol Ratio as an Excellent Marker for Indicating Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infected Patients

Srisawasdi, Pornpen; Suwalak, Tanida; Sukasem, Chonlaphat; Chittamma, Anchalee; Pocathikorn, Anothai; Vanavanan, Somlak; Puangpetch, Apichaya; Santon, Siwalee; Chantratita, Wasun; Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin; Kroll, Martin H.

doi:10.1309/ajcpe5i3keltbxej

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A recent study by Lee et al [ 20 ] determined that the sdLDL/lbLDL ratio increases during the development of impaired fasting glucose and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, suggesting atherogenic dyslipidemia from a pre-diabetic stage. A high sdLDL/lbLDL ratio has also been shown to be associated with lipid metabolic disturbance in patients with metabolic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy [ 21 , 22 ]. Although a different analytic methodology was used to measure the number of lipoprotein particle in this study, the sdLDL-P/lbLDL-P ratio in pregnant women was positively correlated with fasting glucose after adjusting for age and BMI, two factors known to affect lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small dense LDL particle/large buoyant LDL particle ratio is associated with glucose metabolic status in pregnancy

Chen

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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BackgroundThe lipoprotein subfraction particle profile can be used to improve clinical assessments of cardiovascular disease risk and contribute to early detection of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Lipid alterations in gestational diabetes have been extensively studied, but the results have been inconsistent. Here, we investigated serum lipoprotein subfraction particle levels and their association with glucose metabolic status in pregnancy.MethodsTwenty-eight pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 56 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance matched for body mass index were enrolled in this study. We assessed fasting serum lipid concentrations and lipoprotein subfraction particle levels in participants between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.ResultsThe level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly lower in women with gestational diabetes than in those with normal glucose tolerance, but the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels of the two groups were similar. Lipoprotein particle analysis showed that very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle number and the small dense LDL particle/large buoyant LDL particle (sdLDL-P/lbLDL-P) ratio were significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes than in those with normal glucose tolerance (P = 0.013 and P = 0.015, respectively). In multivariate analysis, fasting glucose was independently and positively associated with sdLDL-P/lbLDL-P ratio even after adjustment for maternal age, gestational weight gain, BMI and LDL cholesterol (standardized Beta = 0.214, P = 0.029).ConclusionsThe sdLDL-P/lbLDL-P ratio is higher in GDM compared with non-diabetic pregnant women, and positively and independently associated with fasting glucose in pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small dense LDL particle/large buoyant LDL particle ratio is associated with glucose metabolic status in pregnancy

Chen

et al. 2017

Lipids Health Dis

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“…Study population: This is a retrospective case-control study conducted on 85 HIV-infected patients who visited the Infectious Diseases Clinic of Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, in Bangkok, Thailand between March 2006 and February 2007; these patients were from a previous study (7,(19)(20)(21). The inclusion criteria were as follows: the HIV-infected patients should be adults (15 years old) who were maintained on antiretroviral regimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of the ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) Gene and Their Influence on Dyslipidemia in HIV-1-Infected Individuals

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY:The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to investigate the frequency of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms and their influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced lipodystrophy or dyslipidemia in HIV-infected Thai patients. The clinical characteristics and frequencies of ApoE genotypes were compared between the case (moderate to severe lipodystrophy, n ＝ 67) and control (absent to mild lipodystrophy, n ＝ 18) groups. The ApoE genotype frequencies among the 85 participants were 2.35z (n ＝ 2) for E2/E2, 20z (n ＝ 17) for E2/E3, 9.41z (n ＝ 8) for E2/E4, 36.47z (n ＝ 31) for E3/E3, 30.59z (n ＝ 26) for E3/E4, and 1.18z (n ＝ 1) for E4/E4. None of the ApoE genotypes showed association with ART-induced lipodystrophy. However, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and ApoB were lower in patients carrying the E2 allele but higher in E4 carriers. Interestingly, the ratios between TC and highdensity lipoprotein (TC/HDL cholesterol ratio) and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio were significantly higher in the case group. Patients carrying the E2 allele displayed protective lipid profile, while those carrying E4 appeared to be at higher risk of dyslipidemia. In conclusion, ApoE polymorphisms were not associated with lipodystrophy in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy but influenced lipid alteration.

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“…In each biannual visit, serum cholesterol and triglyceride measurements are obtained from our study participants, and were used to define our atherogenic and atheroprotective groups. Other measurements, such as lipoprotein particle size and number, and HDL efflux capacity, have been shown to be stronger predictors of cardiovascular disease risk [ 58 , 59 ], and would have been collected on subsequent visits had our initial study shown a role for CNV in this pathway. Our samples were also collected prior to the widespread use of the 2013 ACC/AHA guideline, and we therefore use the older NCEP ATP III panel, but our data are based on a sufficiently large sample size to overcome this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid levels in HIV-positive men receiving anti-retroviral therapy are not associated with copy number variation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway genes

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe exacerbation of HIV-1 associated dyslipidemia seen in a subset of patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy suggests that genetic factors put these individuals at greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes of and influencing the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are associated with lipid levels but little is known regarding their copy number variation (CNV). This form of quantitative genetic variation has the potential to alter the amount of gene product made, thereby also influencing lipid metabolism.ResultsTo examine if CNV in RCT pathway genes was associated with altered serum lipid profiles in HIV-positive individuals receiving therapy, we designed a custom multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay to screen 16 RCT genes within a subset of individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who show extreme lipid phenotypes. Verification of CNV was performed using a custom NanoString assay, and the Illumina HT-12 mRNA expression microarray was used to determine the influence of copy number on gene expression. Among the RCT genes, CNV was observed to be extremely rare. The only CNV seen was in the CETP gene, which showed a loss of copy in 1 of the 320 samples (0.3 %) in our study. The genes in our study showed little variation in expression between individuals, and the variation seen was not related to any detected CNV.ConclusionsWhole gene CNV is uncommon in RCT pathway genes, and not a major factor in the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) associated dyslipidemia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1665-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Small-Dense LDL Cholesterol/Large-Buoyant LDL Cholesterol Ratio as an Excellent Marker for Indicating Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infected Patients

Abstract: The sdLDL-C/lbLDL-C ratio is an excellent marker for indicating lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients.

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

The small dense LDL particle/large buoyant LDL particle ratio is associated with glucose metabolic status in pregnancy

The small dense LDL particle/large buoyant LDL particle ratio is associated with glucose metabolic status in pregnancy

Polymorphisms of the ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) Gene and Their Influence on Dyslipidemia in HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Lipid levels in HIV-positive men receiving anti-retroviral therapy are not associated with copy number variation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway genes

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