Small dam health studies

Jewsbury, J. M.; Imevbore, A. M. A.

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(88)90069-5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although we found no aquatic stages of mosquitoes in the dam, mainly because of wave action and the presence of fish feeding on the larvae, dams can be important sources of adult mosquitoes if the water level drops and water collects in puddles around the edge of the dam (Hunter et al. 1982; Jewsbury & Imevbore 1988; Birley 1991). Shoreline puddling is more likely with smaller dams as they have a disproportionately greater shoreline relative to the surface area, than large dams and natural lakes (Baxter 1977; Jewsbury & Imevbore 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Can source reduction of mosquito larval habitat reduce malaria transmission in Tigray, Ethiopia?

Yohannes¹,

Haile²,

Ghebreyesus³

et al. 2005

Tropical Med Int Health

107

108

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SummaryThe development of irrigation schemes by dam construction has led to an increased risk of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia. We carried out a pilot study near a microdam to assess whether environmental management could reduce malaria transmission by Anopheles arabiensis, the main vector in Ethiopia.The study took place in Deba village, close to a dam; Maisheru village, situated 3-4 km away from the dam, acted as a control. Baseline entomological and clinical data were collected in both villages during the first 12 months. Source reduction, involving filling, draining and shading of potential mosquitobreeding habitats was carried out by the community of Deba in the second year and routine surveillance continued in both villages during the second year. Anopheles arabiensis was highly anthropophilic (Human Blood Index ¼ 0.73), biting early in the night before people went to bed. The major breeding habitats associated with the dam were areas of seepage at the dam base (28%), leaking irrigation canals (16%), pools that formed along the bed of streams from the dam (13%), and man-made pools (12%). In the pre-intervention year, 5.9-7.2 times more adult vectors were found in the dam village compared with the control village. There was a 3.1% higher prevalence of an enlarged spleen in children under 10 years in the dam village than in the control village during the pre-intervention period, but no statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of falciparum malaria between the two villages during the same period. Source reduction was associated with a 49% (95% CI ¼ 46.6-50.0) relative reduction in An. arabiensis adults in the dam village compared with the pre-intervention period. There were very few cases of malaria during the intervention period in both villages making it impossible to judge whether malaria incidence had been reduced. These preliminary findings suggest that in areas of low intensity transmission community-led larval control may be a cheap and effective method of controlling malaria. Further, large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…1982; Jewsbury & Imevbore 1988; Birley 1991). Shoreline puddling is more likely with smaller dams as they have a disproportionately greater shoreline relative to the surface area, than large dams and natural lakes (Baxter 1977; Jewsbury & Imevbore 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can source reduction of mosquito larval habitat reduce malaria transmission in Tigray, Ethiopia?

Yohannes¹,

Haile²,

Ghebreyesus³

et al. 2005

Tropical Med Int Health

107

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, an estimated 15,000 small dams have been constructed in Zimbabwe, and more than 50,000 small dams were built in Kenya within three years during the late 1950s. 52 Finally, studies investigating the consequences of the construction of flood control, water projects for recreational purposes, or pumps and drains for water supply and sanitation on malaria have, to our knowledge, not been conducted. It follows that no estimates of their impact on malaria could be presented in this review.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irrigation and Large Dams on the Burden of Malaria on a Global and Regional Scale

Keiser¹,

Castro²,

Maltese³

et al. 2005

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

259

200

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Human-made ecologic transformations have occurred at an unprecedented rate over the past 50 years. Prominent among them are water resource development projects. An estimated 40,000 large dams and 800,000 small dams have been built, and 272 million hectares of land are currently under irrigation worldwide. The establishment and operation of water projects has had a history of facilitating a change in the frequency and transmission dynamics of malaria, but analyses of these environmental risk factors are sparse. Here, we present a comprehensive review of studies that assessed the impact of irrigation and dam building on malaria prevalence or incidence, stratified by the World Health Organization's (WHO) sub-regions of the world, and link these studies with the latest statistics on disability adjusted life years, irrigated agriculture, and large dams. We also present estimates of the population at risk due to proximity to irrigation schemes and large dam reservoirs. In WHO sub-regions 1 and 2, which have 87.9% of the current global malaria burden, only 9.4 million people are estimated to live near large dams and irrigation schemes. In contrast, the remaining sub-regions concentrate an estimated 15.3 million people near large dams and up to 845 million near irrigation sites, while here only 12.1% of the global malaria burden is concentrated. Whether an individual water project triggers an increase in malaria transmission depends on the contextual determinants of malaria, including the epidemiologic setting, socioeconomic factors, vector management, and health seeking behavior. We conclude that in unstable malaria endemic areas, integrated malaria control measures, coupled with sound water management, are mandatory to mitigate the current burden of malaria in locations near irrigation or dam sites.

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“…The present study was done to ascertain the hitherto gill parasites of Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger, 1899) and their possible health concerns at stream linked dam of the National Root Crop and Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, where an assortment of agricultural activities subsist. Besides benefits of damming rivers and streams to create reservoirs for useful purposes such as agricultural production, recreation, irrigation, fishing, etc, it is fraught with consequences that may support alterations of original ecological state of the aquatic ecosystem such as development of favourable environment that perhaps guarantees success of intermediate hosts of diseases that were initially inexistent in such dammed areas (Waddy, 1975;Gilles, 1980;Jewsbury and Imevbore, 1988;Ofozie, 2002). The spread of heterophyiasis for instance, can only occur in aquatic ecosystems either altered or not wherein molluscs and fish intermediate hosts coinhabit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of heterophyid metacercariae in a stream linked aquatic reservoirs, Southeast Nigeria

Echi¹,

Ezeala²

2016

Braz. J. Biol. Sci.

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The study of teleost parasites in an ecologically altered ecosystem through dam construction that evidently facilitate parasitic infections and aggravate public health concerns is essential. The study of stream linked dam showed that Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848), Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger, 1899) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) form the major fish composition of these reservoirs. They serve important food resource globally especially places bereft of extensive aquaculture practices. Although, knowledge about the gill parasites of P. mariae is inexistent the examined individual P. mariae showed that it had 54% Heterophyes heterophyes infection, C. gariepinus had no parasitic infection whereas T. zillii had a relatively very low Batrachobdelloides spp (1.7%). Besides, the highest DO levels in the dam occasioned by high agitation and floatation the physical factors conditions - pH and DO (> 6 mg.L^-1) had suitable levels for biodiversity.

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Small dam health studies

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Can source reduction of mosquito larval habitat reduce malaria transmission in Tigray, Ethiopia?

Can source reduction of mosquito larval habitat reduce malaria transmission in Tigray, Ethiopia?

Effect of Irrigation and Large Dams on the Burden of Malaria on a Global and Regional Scale

The occurrence of heterophyid metacercariae in a stream linked aquatic reservoirs, Southeast Nigeria

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