Small-bowel epithelial migration during a generalized nonenteric infection in the rat

Ge, Shambaugh; Ds, MacNair; Wr, Beisel

doi:10.1007/bf02241944

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Various factors (18)(19)(20)(21) and substances (22)(23)(24) may affect the mitotic and the migration rates of intestinal epithelial cells. In older animals, production of cells in the crypts is decreased and the generation time is increased, while the migration rate on the villus is decreased (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Intestinal Mucosal Cell Proliferation and Bacterial Flora in the Conventionalization of the Germfree Mouse

Khoury

Floch

Hersh

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intestinal mucosal cells, originating in the crypts, migrate up the villi of the small intestine and slough off into the lumen (1, 2). Studies of the kinetics of these events have revealed a differential rate of cellular renewal between the intestinal mucosal cells of germfree animals and those of conventional animals (3, 4). The time for migration of the mucosal cells from the crypt to villus tip is twice as long in the germfree animal (3, 4). The absence of intestinal bacterial flora in the germfree animal may account for this difference in dynamic morphology.Recent advances in intestinal and fecal culturing techniques have provided information about the intestinal bacterial flora under normal and experimental conditions (5-7). The changing patterns of intestinal microorganisms have been followed both in newborn animals (8-11) and after contamination in germfree animals (12).The present study was designed to follow the changes in intestinal cellular renewal and microbial flora as a function of time in going from a germfree system to a conventional one. Experiments involving both gerrafree and conventional animals have utilized conventionalized (formerly germfree) animals as the control subjects; however, the possibility of altering cellular kinetics of the intestinal epithelium and the span necessary for the alteration have not previously been investigated. Materials and MethodsAnimals.--35 male and 35 female CFW mice (Carworth Farms, New City, N. Y.) born and reared under standard germfree conditions were randomly divided into two groups,

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Intestinal Mucosal Cell Proliferation and Bacterial Flora in the Conventionalization of the Germfree Mouse

Khoury

Floch

Hersh

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The scarcity in reported variance statistical verification of any regional differences was limited, albeit reported turnover in the duodenum (1.20 6 0.20 days, n = 4) and jejunum (3.95 6 0.54 days, n = 10) displayed a statistically significant difference (P , 0.05) (Fig. 2) (Leblond and Stevens, 1948;Stevens and Leblond, 1953;Bertalanffy, 1960;Loran and Althausen, 1960;Messier, 1960;Bertalanffy and Lau, 1962;Koldovsky et al, 1966;Altmann and Enesco, 1967;Shambaugh et al, 1967;Tutton and Barkla, 1976;Sunter et al, 1978Sunter et al, , 1979Menge et al, 1982;Holt et al, 1983;King et al, 1983;Cheeseman, 1986;Finney et al, 1989;Holle, 1991;Alam et al, 1994;Nsi-Emvo et al, 1994;Thomson et al, 1994;Gomes and Alvares, 1998;Macallan et al, 1998;Qi et al, 2009). …”

Section: Enterocyte Turnover In Preclinical Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of the Turnover of Intestinal Epithelia in Preclinical Animal Species and Humans

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the rapid turnover of the small intestinal epithelia, the rate at which enterocyte renewal occurs plays an important role in determining the level of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the gut wall. Current physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models consider enzyme and enterocyte recovery as a lumped first-order rate. An assessment of enterocyte turnover would enable enzyme and enterocyte renewal to be modeled more mechanistically. A literature review together with statistical analysis was employed to establish enterocyte turnover in human and preclinical species. A total of 85 studies was identified reporting enterocyte turnover in 1602 subjects in six species. In mice, the geometric weighted combined mean (WX) enterocyte turnover was 2.81 6 1.14 days (n = 169). In rats, the weighted arithmetic mean enterocyte turnover was determined to be 2.37 days (n = 501). Humans exhibited a geometric WX enterocyte turnover of 3.48 6 1.55 days for the gastrointestinal epithelia (n = 265), displaying comparable turnover to that of cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro (0.96-4.33 days). Statistical analysis indicated humans to display longer enterocyte turnover as compared with preclinical species. Extracted data were too sparse to support regional differences in small intestinal enterocyte turnover in humans despite being indicated in mice. The utilization of enterocyte turnover data, together with in vitro enzyme turnover in PBPK modeling, may improve the predictions of metabolic drug-drug interactions dependent on enzyme turnover (e.g., mechanism-based inhibition and enzyme induction) as well as absorption of nanoparticle delivery systems and intestinal metabolism in special populations exhibiting altered enterocyte turnover.

show abstract

“…On the one end is the low rate of the germfree state, producing very mature cells on the villi, which appear to contain greater enzymatic activity (42), and whose intestine has an enhanced transport capacity (23). At the other end is the inflamed gut with a high cellular proliferation rate (46,48,49) and young cells with less enzymatic activity. In these animals, absorptive capacity may be reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Neomycin and Penicillin Administration on Mucosal Proliferation of the Mouse Small Intestine

Khoury

Floch

Herskovic

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The administration of the antibiotic neomycin has been associated with a reversible intestinal malabsorption syndrome (1-5); shorter, broader villi and decreased levels of intestinal enzymes have been reported both in humans (6-11 ) and in experimental animals (12)(13)(14). The severity of the intestinal morphologic and physiologic alterations appears to increase with dose and time (15)(16)(17).Neomycin also reduces the quantity of intestinal bacteria, the intestinal environment becoming analogous to that in the germfree animal. The morphology of the gut of the germfree animal also differs from that of the conventional animal (18-21), but with longer, thinner villi and enhanced intestinal absorption of monosaccharides and amino acids (22, 23). The absence of bacterial flora may account for the differences in gastrointestinal structure and function of the germfree animal from that of its conventional counterpart. Neomycin, on the other hand, may directly affect the epithelial cells of the small bowel, counteracting any villus alteration or enhanced absorptive capacity secondary to microflora reduction.The present study was designed to assess the effect of an antibiotic regimen on fecal microflora and small intestinal function and morphology. Mice were fed neomycin and penicillin in order to evaluate small intestinal cell population kinetics, intestinal transport of an amino acid, and intestinal enzymes by disaccharidase assay of the brush border and histochemical staining reactions of epithelial cell enzyme systems.

show abstract

Small-bowel epithelial migration during a generalized nonenteric infection in the rat

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Small Intestinal Mucosal Cell Proliferation and Bacterial Flora in the Conventionalization of the Germfree Mouse

Small Intestinal Mucosal Cell Proliferation and Bacterial Flora in the Conventionalization of the Germfree Mouse

Meta-Analysis of the Turnover of Intestinal Epithelia in Preclinical Animal Species and Humans

Effects of Neomycin and Penicillin Administration on Mucosal Proliferation of the Mouse Small Intestine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About