SMALL-AREA HIGH-CURRENT-DENSITY GaAs ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES AND A METHOD OF OPERATION FOR IMPROVED DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS

Burrus, C.A.; Dawson, R.W.

doi:10.1063/1.1653336

Cited by 55 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been intensively investigated since Burrus [1] fabricated the first LED for optical fiber communication systems. LEDs with high luminous and energy efficiencies compared to traditional light sources of incandescence and fluorescence, color rendering, reduced size and lower cost are currently being adopted in a wide range of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent Circuit Model of High Power LEDs for VLC Systems

Ghassemlooy

Zvánovec

et al. 2019

2019 2nd West Asian Colloquium on Optical Wireless Communications (WACOWC)

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The equivalent circuit model for two commercial high power LEDs for illuminance is proposed and extensive measurements have been carried out to verify the accuracy of the model. In addition, the frequency response of two LEDs in the optical domain can be estimated using the transfer function of electrical equivalent circuit. It is shown that, the electrical parasitics in the chip and packaging introduce significant attenuation beyond a resonance frequcency. Care should be taken when designing high-speed driver and/or equalization circuits for VLC systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent Circuit Model of High Power LEDs for VLC Systems

Ghassemlooy

Zvánovec

et al. 2019

2019 2nd West Asian Colloquium on Optical Wireless Communications (WACOWC)

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“…However, it did not initially find application because the life expectancy was then only a few hundred hours at most. The "Burns Diode," also announced in 1970 [21,22,23], was capable of emitting power on the order of 10 mW from an area roughly 10 microns in diameter. It also coupled well into a single fiber and by 1972 had already demonstrated a life expectancy of several thousand hours [24].…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>A very unique pre-1970 fiber optic instrumentation system</title>

Miller

1991

SPIE Proceedings

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Prior to 1970, when fiber optics was still in its infancy, an elaborate instrumentation system had already logged hundreds of hours of field operation using fiber optics for all command, control and data collection, as well as for some sensing. It seems highly improbable, when the best solid-state light sources of that period were not intended for communication purposes, fiber optic connectors were not commercially available, and the best fibers had losses measured in deciBels per meter (not kilometer).To totally eliminate all electrical wiring, the whole system was designed to run on nothing but compressed air, delivered by hoses composed only of dielectric material. This paper tells the unpublished story of some very early, very novel, fiber optic systems which were designed, built and operated by Boeing during the 1969 to 1974 time period to solve some extremely difficult instrumentation problems.A brief review of the early history of fiber optics is included to help the reader better understand the problems of those early days, as well as appreciate the vast improvements which have been made during the past 20 years. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVESignaling with light, one way or another, is probably as old as the history of man. Ancient man is known to have used sunlight and primitive reflectors for visual communication over short distances. Shortly after inventing the telephone in 1874, Alexander Graham Bell (and others) became intrigued with the photoconductive properties of selenium and began experimenting with optical voice communication [1]. Using the sun as a light source, and a mechanical light-gate modulator for a transmitter, Bell successfully transmitted a voice message over a 213-meter path. In 1880, he was granted two U. S. patents, No. 235,199 and No. 235,496 [2,3] on his "photophone" [4]. For the next eighty years or so, many concepts were proposed for optical communications, but nearly all of them relied on atmospheric tranmission, and all of them suffered the same severe limitations because they were all vulnerable to mechanical vibration and a variety of thermal, atmospheric, and acoustic effects. Due to the invention of the laser and the desire to transmit light over more complicated paths and over longer distances, various ideas for an optical conduit emerged in the 1960s. Several of the concepts involved various systems of lenses [5] and prisms, and tubing with internally mirrored walls [6,7] . Considerable work was also done on a gas-filled conduit which was heated to produce an approximately parabolic refractive index profile [8,9] approximating that of a modern gradedindex fiber.

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“…This is done at a point approximately 300 pm above the chip surface, where both the cladding and the protective jacket of the fiber are still intact. No adhesive is needed at the surface of the chip, as in other fiber-optic coupler designs [4]- [7] because the detector cavity itself prevents any lateral misalignment. The package configuration is stable enough that no fiber has yet pulled out of a detector cavity during testing once it has been bonded to the slide.…”

Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These applications would require a means of coupling a large number of fibers to a single semiconductor chip, but no standard technique to satisfactorily perform this function now exists. Techniques employing lens elements [3], a Bums-type structure [4], or simple butt-coupling [5], which have been used for coupling fibers to discrete optoelectronic components, require too much space to be useful in VLSI interconnection schemes. A recently reported hybrid approach [6], using silicon V-grooves to guide fibers into an integrated 12 X 1 photodiode array, would place restrictions on detector placement as well as presenting assembly and stability problems typically as- JR., SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE sociated with hybridization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon photodetector structure for direct coupling of optical fibers to integrated circuits

Ade

Harstead

Amirfazli

et al. 1987

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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Abstract-A novel detector structure exhibiting real-estate efficient coupling of optical fibers to semiconductor devices is described. The integrated fiber-optic coupler employs vertical insertion of a tapered single-mode fiber into a laser-etched cylindrical hole in the substrate. It features a small surface footprint, mechanical stability, and accurate alignment. Fabricated in silicon, the p-n junction detectors have typically shown responsivities of 0.23 A/W at 0.63 pm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 45 percent, and dark currents below 1 uA.

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SMALL-AREA HIGH-CURRENT-DENSITY GaAs ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES AND A METHOD OF OPERATION FOR IMPROVED DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS

Cited by 55 publications

References 3 publications

Equivalent Circuit Model of High Power LEDs for VLC Systems

Equivalent Circuit Model of High Power LEDs for VLC Systems

<title>A very unique pre-1970 fiber optic instrumentation system</title>

Silicon photodetector structure for direct coupling of optical fibers to integrated circuits

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