Small Animal Video Tracking for Activity and Path Analysis Using a Novel Open-Source Multi-Platform Application (AnimApp)

Rao, S. Madhusudana; Olechnowicz, Sam W. Z.; Krätschmer, Patrick; Jepson, James E.C.; Edwards, Claire M.; Edwards, James

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48841-7

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2e,f) in the spinal cords of KaLwRij mice at the vertebral T8, which in mice corresponds to spinal cord segment T10, suggesting a response to MM in the hips and hind legs 36 . In order to analyse mouse locomotive ability, we used open-source AnimApp software to track mouse movement and speed in their homecages 33 . We noted a significant reduction in total mouse locomotion (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple myeloma increases nerve growth factor and other pain-related markers through interactions with the bone microenvironment

Olechnowicz

Weivoda

Lwin

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Interactions between multiple myeloma (MM) and bone marrow (BM) are well documented to support tumour growth, yet the cellular mechanisms underlying pain in MM are poorly understood. We have used in vivo murine models of MM to show significant induction of nerve growth factor (NGF) by the tumour-bearing bone microenvironment, alongside other known pain-related characteristics such as spinal glial cell activation and reduced locomotion. NGF was not expressed by MM cells, yet bone stromal cells such as osteoblasts expressed and upregulated NGF when cultured with MM cells, or MM-related factors such as TNF-α. Adiponectin is a known MM-suppressive BM-derived factor, and we show that TNF-α-mediated NGF induction is suppressed by adiponectin-directed therapeutics such as AdipoRON and L-4F, as well as NF-κB signalling inhibitor BMS-345541. Our study reveals a further mechanism by which cellular interactions within the tumour-bone microenvironment contribute to disease, by promoting pain-related properties, and suggests a novel direction for analgesic development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mouse locomotion was analysed using open-source AnimApp software 33 . Briefly, mice were transferred indirectly with a tube to a holding box with enrichment objects, and individually returned to the empty housing cage for a 2 minute video recording.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma increases nerve growth factor and other pain-related markers through interactions with the bone microenvironment

Olechnowicz

Weivoda

Lwin

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…For each larvae, after 10 s of acclimatization, 60 s of free movement was recorded using a Samsung S5 mobile phone at 15 fps and 640x480 resolution. Video-tracking was performed using the desktop version of the AnimApp video tracker 33 , available on https://github.com/sraorao/. A custom R script, which has been made available on GitHub (https://github.com/PatrickKratsch/), was used to calculate the following movement parameters: total distance travelled was calculated by summing the difference in XY position between consecutive frames; turns were identified by calculating changes in larval width:length ratio, with a threshold ratio of 0.4 manually identified as a reliable indicator of turning.…”

Section: Motor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered synaptic plasticity and central pattern generator dysfunction in aDrosophilamodel of PNKD3 paroxysmal dyskinesia

Lowe

Krätschmer

Jepson

2020

Preprint

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Background: Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia type-3 (PNKD3) has been linked to gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the hSlo1 BK potassium channel, in particular a dominant mutation (D434G) that enhances Ca 2+ -sensitivity. However, while BK channels play well-known roles in regulating neurotransmitter release, it is unclear whether the D434G mutation alters neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in vivo. Furthermore, the subtypes of movement-regulating circuits impacted by this mutation are unknown. Objectives:We aimed to use a larval Drosophila model of PNKD3 (slo E366G/+ ) to examine how BK channel GOF in dyskinesia alters synaptic properties and motor circuit function. Methods:We used video-tracking to test for movement defects in slo E366G/+ larvae, and sharp-electrode recordings to assess the fidelity of Ca 2+ -dependent neurotransmitter release and short-term plasticity at the neuromuscular junction. We then combined sharp-electrode recording with ex vivo Ca 2+ -imaging to investigate the functionality of the central pattern generator (CPG) driving foraging behavior in slo E366G/+ larvae. Results:We show that the PNKD3 mutation leads to Ca 2+ -dependent alterations in synaptic release and paired-pulse facilitation. Furthermore, we identify robust alterations in locomotor behaviors in slo E366G/+ larvae which were mirrored by dysfunction of the upstream, movement-generating CPG in the larval ventral nerve cord. Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that a BK channel GOF mutation can alter neurotransmitter release and short-term synaptic plasticity, and result in CPG dysfunction, in Drosophila larvae. These data add to a growing body of work linking paroxysmal dyskinesias to aberrant neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in pre-motor circuits.

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“…However, these systems often lack automated, quantitative, and accurate assessment of social interaction. In recent years, more and more freeware has become available to address these problems, for example, AnimApp, M-Track, [108,109,117,118]. In addition, vital parameters, like body temperature, drinking, and eating events, can be obtained.…”

Section: Automation Of Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Affective State in Laboratory Rodents to Promote Animal Welfare—What Is the Progress in Applied Refinement Research?

Jirkof

Rudeck

Lewejohann

2019

Animals

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An animal’s capacity to suffer is a prerequisite for any animal welfare concern, and the minimization of suffering is a key aim of refinement research. In contrast to the traditional focus on avoiding or reducing negative welfare states, modern animal welfare concepts highlight the importance of promoting positive welfare states in laboratory animals. Reliable assessments of affective states, as well as the knowledge of how to elicit positive affective states, are central to this concept. Important achievements have been made to assess pain and other negative affective states in animals in the last decades, but it is only recently that the neurobiology of positive emotions in humans and animals has been gaining more interest. Thereby, the need for promotion of positive affective states for laboratory animals is gaining more acceptance, and methods allowing the assessment of affective states in animals have been increasingly introduced. In this overview article, we present common and emerging methods to assess affective states in laboratory rodents. We focus on the implementation of these methods into applied refinement research to identify achieved progress as well as the future potential of these tools to improve animal welfare in animal-based research.

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Small Animal Video Tracking for Activity and Path Analysis Using a Novel Open-Source Multi-Platform Application (AnimApp)

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Multiple myeloma increases nerve growth factor and other pain-related markers through interactions with the bone microenvironment

Multiple myeloma increases nerve growth factor and other pain-related markers through interactions with the bone microenvironment

Altered synaptic plasticity and central pattern generator dysfunction in aDrosophilamodel of PNKD3 paroxysmal dyskinesia

Assessing Affective State in Laboratory Rodents to Promote Animal Welfare—What Is the Progress in Applied Refinement Research?

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