Small animal vaccination: a practical guide for vets in the UK

Day, Michael

doi:10.1136/inp.j615

Cited by 19 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Among 88 puppies vaccinated against CPV2 between 8 and 10 weeks of age, eight puppies did not develop a protective response due to the presence of MDA (Thibault et al, 2016). Taking into account the late presence of colostral MDA, a third vaccination at about 16 weeks of age was implemented in 2015 into the international recommended vaccination protocol (WSAVA, 2015;Day, 2017).…”

Section: Systemic Passive Immune Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive immune transfer in puppies

Chastant-Maillard

Mila

2019

Animal Reproduction Science

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The puppy, born without immunoglobulins G (IgG), acquires a passive systemic immunity thanks to colostrum intake during the two first days of life. The quality of passive immune transfer (i.e. blood IgG concentration at two days of age), highly variable between litters and between puppies within litters, depends mainly on the time elapsed between birth and ingestion of colostrum, with limited influence of colostrum IgG concentration. Deficit in passive immune transfer, impacting puppy's health and neonatal mortality rate, can be indirectly diagnosed through blood gammaglutamyltransferases assay and evaluation of growth rate over the two first days of life. In the absence of maternal colostrum, few homo-and heterospecific immune sources are available and canine colostrum banking remains the optimal solution. Whereas passive immune transfer is crucial for survival during the neonatal period, it later interferes with response to vaccination. In addition to systemic passive immune transfer, maternal antibodies (mainly IgA) would provide local (digestive) immunity, ensuring mid-term protection of the puppies' gut together with probably long term training of the digestive immune system.

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Section: Systemic Passive Immune Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive immune transfer in puppies

Chastant-Maillard

Mila

2019

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…Importantly, pet caregivers should understand that the act of giving a vaccine may not equate to immunization of that animal [11,12,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Vaccines may not always produce the needed or desired immune protective response, not only if the vaccine itself was inadequately prepared (exceedingly rare) but also if the pet is a genetic low or non-responder to that vaccine (may be common in certain breeds of dogs and their families) [2,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]24,25].…”

Section: Vaccination May Not Results In Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the same immune stimulus is encountered again, the immune system mounts a faster and more powerful anamnestic response, such as with viral exposures and vaccines [1,10,12]. While the immune system's capacity for memory generates immunity through vaccines, it can also trigger adverse events such as autoimmune disorders and allergies/hypersensitivity [1,10,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Additionally, the relationship of the gut microbiome in the development and function of the immune system may ultimately affect vaccine efficacy as well [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Vaccination of Companion Animal Pets

Dodds¹

2021

Vaccines

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Development of the immune system of mammalian animal species parallels that of humans and involves the innate and adaptive (acquired) immune responses acting together with the thymus gland. Consequently, issues surrounding the adequacy and safety of vaccinations to protect pet animals from their relevant infectious diseases need to be addressed just as they are for humans. Pet animals, especially canines, also have unique needs because of the wide diversity of purebred and mixed breeds that vary greatly in size, type, temperament, and even maturation rates. Furthermore, pets in early life encounter a series of changes that can affect their development and induce stressors including parasite control, new homes and environment, novel foods, and the socialization that is essential at a time when vaccinations need to be given. While recognizing that this overall need is becoming more understood, current vaccination policy guidelines for companion animals are still only adhered to by about 40% of veterinarians worldwide. Clearly, vaccination of pets should no longer be considered as “one size fits all”.

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“…Where the consultation was discussed, experiences and expectations of the consultation appeared to vary widely, both between owners and veterinary surgeons, and between individuals within these subgroups (Belshaw et al, 2018b). There has been some controversy in recent years around pet vaccination, with some describing 'vaccinophobia' amongst pet owners (Day, 2017). It may be that a focus on the risks and benefits of vaccination, and of other preventative medicines, has drawn focus away from thinking about other important aspects of the preventative healthcare consultation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the success of canine and feline preventative healthcare consultations: A systematic review

Robinson

Belshaw

Dean

2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Preventative healthcare consultations account for a large proportion of the veterinary caseload. This novel study is the first to methodically review all literature on canine and feline preventative healthcare consultations. Previous research has found these consultations to be different from health problem consultations in terms of communication style and content. Identifying relevant evidence and previously validated methods of measuring the success of these consultations will be useful when implementing strategies for optimisation. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the quality of existing literature which describes and/or measures the success of preventative healthcare consultations. Database searches of CAB Abstracts and Medline were conducted to identify published literature. Google searches were then conducted to identify any additional published or grey literature. Results were systematically screened to determine whether the returned sources were about cats and/or dogs, whether they related to preventative healthcare, and whether they described and/or measured the success of preventative healthcare consultations. For primary research citations which only described preventative healthcare consultations, data were extracted on the aspects of the consultations described. For citations which additionally measured the success of the consultations, the measures used, sampling technique, key results and key weaknesses were also extracted. Of 17,538 citations identified in total during the database searches, a total of seven relevant primary research citations were identified. All of these citations described aspects of the preventative healthcare consultation, such as consultation length, health problems discussed, actions taken and communication style. Only one primary research citation measured success of the consultation, using veterinarian satisfaction to determine success. In addition, 30 narrative citations, including expert opinion pieces, textbooks, guidelines without transparent methodology and conference presentations were identified. Google searches identified 224 relevant narrative citations, and five of the seven primary research citations identified by the database searches, but did not identify any additional relevant primary research citations. The results suggest that, despite accounting for around a third of all consultations, there is relatively little evidence describing preventative healthcare consultations and only one measure of success has been described for these consultations. This presents potential challenges when implementing strategies to optimise these consultations, as measures which are useful and relevant to veterinary practice should first be identified. Identifying useful measures of success will allow future strategies designed to maximise the benefits of these consultations to be meaningfully assessed for efficacy.

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Small animal vaccination: a practical guide for vets in the UK

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Passive immune transfer in puppies

Passive immune transfer in puppies

Early Life Vaccination of Companion Animal Pets

Measuring the success of canine and feline preventative healthcare consultations: A systematic review

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