Small Animal Models for Reconstructive Transplantation

Kern, Barbara; Sucher, Robert

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2071-6_5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…6–9 Besides, there is a critical need to investigate promising data obtained from in vitro experiments in in vivo small and large animal models. 10–12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…closer genetic resemblance to human and the vast array of genetic tools and resources available for detailed mechanistic and translational studies. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, surgery performed on mice is highly sophisticated and requires a very high level of microsurgical expertise. 13,14 In particular, the femoral artery and vein are very fragile and narrow at the site of vascular anastomosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] Besides, there is a critical need to investigate promising data obtained from in vitro experiments in in vivo small and large animal models. [10][11][12] Traditionally, microsurgical transplant models in the rat are favored over mice because the critical anatomical structures are approximately 10 times larger and, thus, render relatively less surgical complications. The mouse model, on the other hand, is superior due to its…”

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confidence: 99%

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Moderate LMWH Anticoagulation Improves Success Rate of Hind Limb Allotransplantation in Mice

Kern,

Ashraf,

Reutzel-Selke

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: The mouse hind limb model represents a powerful research tool in vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation, but its applicability is limited due to poor graft survival (62%–83%). Vascular thrombosis and massive hemorrhage are the major causes for these drop-outs. We hypothesize that because of better anticoagulation effect and lower risk of thrombocytopenia, application of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) will minimize vascular complications and enhance graft and animal survival. Methods: Fifty allogeneic hind limb transplantations were performed (C57BL/6 to DBA/2 mice) using five different anticoagulation protocols. Bleeding and thromboembolic events were recorded macroscopically by postoperative hemorrhage and livid discoloration of the graft, respectively. Graft perfusion and survival were monitored daily by capillary-refill-time of graft toes within 2–3 seconds. Vascular congestion and tissue necrosis were examined by histological evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections. Results: All transplantations were technically successful. Increase in thromboembolic events and a concomitant decrease in bleeding events were observed with the decreasing concentration of heparin in the perfusion solution. Although treatment of donor and recipient with low dose of LMWH could not reduce thromboembolic events, moderate dose effectively reduced these events. Compared with the poor outcome of graft perfusion with heparin alone, additional treatment of donor and recipient with low dose of LMWH improved graft and animal survival by 18%. Interestingly, animals treated with moderate dose of LMWH demonstrated 100% graft and animal survival. Conclusions: Treatment of donor and recipient mice with a moderate dose of LMWH prevents vascular complications and improves the outcome of murine hind limb transplants.

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“…6–9 Besides, there is a critical need to investigate promising data obtained from in vitro experiments in in vivo small and large animal models. 10–12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate LMWH Anticoagulation Improves Success Rate of Hind Limb Allotransplantation in Mice

Kern,

Ashraf,

Reutzel-Selke

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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“…Working on animal models permits the familiarization with microsurgical techniques in experimental composite tissue allotransplantation and evaluation of important immunological aspects: rejection dynamics evaluation, immunosuppresion protocol testing and induction of immunologic tolerance. As small animal model, the rat is a good option for VCA studies in order to furher establish a complex translational program (9).…”

Section: Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Optimal Experimental Model for Immunological Studies in VCA: Vascularized Composite Allotransplants Based on Femoral Vessels in Rats

Grosu-Bularda¹,

Zamfirescu²,

Ștefănescu³

et al. 2016

JTMR

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Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a recent therapeutic entity in reconstructive surgery. Long term immunosuppressive therapy ensures graft survival, although, with a risk of serious side effects. Further progress in this field depends on better understanding of basic immunology of composite tissue grafts with the dynamics of rejection and possibilities to induce donor specific-tolerance. Without a vast clinical experience, a possibility for achieving those goals is intensive study in preclinical field. The classical experimental model for VCA is rat hind limb transplantation. We analyzed several microsurgical models in order to determine the most adequate one for immunological studies. We performed both orthotopic and heterotopic hind limb transplantations (we tested different techniques: entire or partial hind limb allotransplantation) and also osteomyocutaneous flaps (with different bone components), noting their advantages and limits. The osteomyocutaneous flap is less morbid and represents a promising experimental model in VCA studies. Also we analyzed other models including epigastric flap allotransplantation and abdominal wall transplant for determine their utility as experimental models for immunological studies.

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