Small-angle X-ray scattering study of the structure of powder fullerene C60 and fullerene soot

Theoretical Investigation of Soot Nanoparticle Inception via Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Coagulation (Condensation): Energetic, Structural, and Electronic Features

“…These traits encourage extension of the study on one hand to larger R systems, keeping P’s size generally larger than R by one extra ring of hexagons. On the other hand, the size of both R and P is kept rather limited, for obvious practical reasons, but also keeping in mind the available data on the observed dimensions of crystallites. − …”

“…On the other hand, the size of both R and P is kept rather limited, for obvious practical reasons, but also keeping in mind the available data on the observed dimensions of crystallites. [5][6][7][8] (2) ΔE R:P (R), directly divided by the number of carbons contained in R, provides a value "per C atom", ΔE C (R). One can consider that the most important part of the interaction comes from those parts of the two molecules that are directly superimposed, so that this major component of interaction can approximately be seen as "perpendicular" to the (approximate) molecular planes.…”

“…Carbonaceous particulate is a significant contributor to the overall mass of atmospheric aerosol . It is known that soot particles have a variable nature, depending on several parameters, as fuel, temperature, kind of flame, use of an engine, and so on. , On the basis of the properties their exhibit under particular experimental circumstances, further distinctions between elementary carbon (EC), black carbon (BC), or soot carbon are sometimes introduced. , Their structure can be more or less disordered, but when they present more ordered zones (crystallites), these are graphenic in nature, turbostratic, and can be seen as stacks of PAH-like units. − The particle nanostructure depends upon synthesis conditions and can be in part amorphous and in part made by crystallites . These are made by graphenic layers (platelets or lamellae) that can be curved and present defects.…”

Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Molecular Inception from Radical Addition and van der Waals Coagulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Systems. A Theoretical Study

“…Conversely, Figure b suggests that pure vdW π–π association, as in the complexes, is unfavored, unless the interacting molecules or portions of soot lamellae were bearing quite large π systems. If we focus on crystallites and recall Frenklach’s results, the necessity of definitely large PAH sizes to ensure some stability to a pure vdW complex seems in contrast with available experimental evidence on the limited size of such “graphitic domains” . It seems thus legitimate to suggest that the observed crystallites, which are small, are not held together by pure van der Waals interactions: when stackings are observed, these arrangements would have been made accessible to the local systems, on cooling, by previous chemical bond formation.…”

DETERMINATION OF THE SIZES OF PARTICLES OF SUPERCONDUCTING CUPRATE Y3Ba5Cu8OX BY MEANS OF DIFFERENT METHODS

“…where d -the participle diameter, nm; β -the width of X-ray maximum at half-height; λ -the wavelength of radiation, nm; k -some coefficient, which is considered to be ≈1 [13].…”