Summary: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) microtomography (micro-CT) resolves structure variation in an anisotropic polyethylene (PE) gradient material with fiber symmetry. 4 900 reconstructed SAXS patterns describe the nanostructure as a function of volume element position in the scanned fiber cross-section. Reconstruction errors were observed. Their first-order effect was eliminated by transformation of the SAXS into a multidimensional chord distribution function (CDF). Its analysis shows oriented lamellae stacks in a shell layer and extended chains in the central core of the fiber. We document zones of uni-and bimodal structure, variation of long periods, stack heights, and lateral domain extension.Original SAXS patterns (pseudocolor and 3D plot) from different voxels obtained by micro-CT reconstruction from measured SAXS projection patterns of a PE rod.