Small airway involvement in the late allergic response in asthma

Abstract

Small airway dysfunction during the LAR suggests that dual responders may have more extensive airway pathology and underscores the relevance of small airways assessment in asthma.

Small airway function in children with mild to moderate asthmatic symptoms

“…In addition, IOS and MBNW indexes were unrelated, which is in accordance with previous reports in adults that have found weak or nonexistent associations between IOS and MBW at baseline. 42 Although temporal variability of airway function is characteristic for asthma, we postulated that 1 to 14 days between the measurements would not have a significant effect on lung function because no exacerbations or interventions occurred between the measurements. 43,44 The present study has some limitations regarding the sample size and characteristics.…”

Plasma Proteome Changes Linked to Late Phase Response After Inhaled Allergen Challenge in Asthmatics

“…Subjects were screened on two separate screening visits (Figure 1) with methacholine and mannitol challenge performed as previously described 6 . Eligible subjects underwent a standardized titrated inhaled allergen challenge with a sensitizing allergen (based on subject history and allergen testing), as previously described 6 .…”

“…Subjects were screened on two separate screening visits (Figure 1) with methacholine and mannitol challenge performed as previously described 6 . Eligible subjects underwent a standardized titrated inhaled allergen challenge with a sensitizing allergen (based on subject history and allergen testing), as previously described 6 . Flow volume spirometry was conducted with a Jaeger MasterScope (Erich Jaeger GmbH), at baseline (BL) and prede ned time points following allergen challenge, in accordance with European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards 14 .…”

“…It can last for several hours to days and is associated with more chronic sequelae including airway hyperresponsiveness 5 . Approximately 50% of subjects with allergic asthma develop a LPR, which affect small airways to a larger extent, indicative of a more extensive airway pathology 6 . Airway remodeling, such as subepithelial brosis, correlate with the number of circulating brocytes in asthma 7,8 .…”

“…The molecular mechanisms underlying the LPR, including the recruitment of hematopoietic progenitors, are still not fully clari ed. In this study, we studied plasma samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects with an allergen induced EPR with varying degrees of LPR following an inhaled allergen challenge 6 . The aim was to investigate changes in proteome pro le and hematopoietic progenitor cell recruitment related to the LPR, represented by the maximal decrease in FEV 1 4-8 h post allergen challenge (late FEV 1 drop).…”