Small agricultural monitoring catchments in Sweden representing environmental impact

Assessment of a newly implemented irrigated area (Lerma Basin, Spain) over a 10-year period. II: Salts and nitrate exported

“…In small basins with contrasting land uses, which were monitored for ≈10 years in other areas of the Ebro River Basin, N loads of 5 kg ha −1 year −1 for forests, 12 kg ha −1 year −1 for pastures and between 17 and 37 kg ha −1 year −1 for rainfed agriculture areas have been reported (Casalí et al, 2008(Casalí et al, , 2010. Similar figures were found for rainfed agriculture in other countries, such as Sweden, where the N leaching in 21 agricultural catchments with similar precipitation ranged from 6 to 32 kg N ha −1 year −1 (Kyllmar et al, 2014).…”

Screening risk areas for sediment and phosphorus losses to improve placement of mitigation measures

“…Total P concentration at the catchment stream outlet was low in E21 compared with the 10 th percentile (0.052 mg L -1 ) and high in E23 compared with the 75th percentile (0.23 mg L -1 ) for longterm TP values in 21 Swedish agricultural catchments (Kyllmar et al 2014).…”

“…The catchments-hereafter referred to as E21 and E23-are part of a national monitoring program to determine the influence of agriculture on water quality (Kyllmar et al 2014), meaning that long time series of water quality and discharge data at the outlet are available for both catchments. The mean annual precipitation in the catchments was below 600 mm, and the discharge at the outlet was similar in both catchments (Table 1).…”

“…Water discharge at the outlet of the catchments was measured continuously using water level gauges with V-notch weirs (Kyllmar et al 2014). Two sets of water quality data were used in the study.…”

“…Every 2 weeks a composite sample is taken from the glass bottle and sent to the laboratory for analysis. A more detailed description of the sampling procedure can be found in Kyllmar et al (2014). The agrohydrological years 2004-2014 (E21) and 2008-2014 (E23) were used in the analysis.…”