Small acid-soluble spore proteins of Clostridium acetobutylicum are able to protect DNA in vitro and are specifically cleaved by germination protease GPR and spore protease YyaC

Wetzel, Daniela; Fischer, Ralf-Jörg

doi:10.1099/mic.0.000162

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The remaining three SASP-encoding ortholog groups exhibited the conserved domains and sequence similarity to minor types of SASP not associated with high heat resistance in previous studies: the H-type SASP and the tlp type SASP (Cabrera-Hernandez et al, 1999; Wetzel and Fischer, 2015). All of the SASP-encoding ortholog groups in this study appear to be monocistronic, and the amino acid alignments of each SASP is available in Supplementary Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In virtually all reported endospore formers, the presence of α/β-type small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP) prevent this damage by binding to and stabilizing DNA in its A-form orientation (Setlow, 2007; Lee et al, 2008). This binding mechanism is suggested to require two conserved domains: a germination protease ( gpr ) cleavage domain, and a DNA-binding domain that facilitates the DNA-SASP adduct (Cabrera-Martinez and Setlow, 1991; Setlow, 2007; Lee et al, 2008; Wetzel and Fischer, 2015). This α/β-type SASP DNA protection method is highly conserved and so effective that wild-type spores that are killed by wet heat exhibit minimally damaged DNA, suggesting the disruption of some other spore component (Setlow, 2007, 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679

et al. 2017

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Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 is a non-toxic endospore former that is widely used as a surrogate for Clostridium botulinum by the food processing industry to validate thermal processing strategies. PA 3679 produces spores of exceptionally high heat resistance without botulinum neurotoxins, permitting the use of PA 3679 in inoculated pack studies while ensuring the safety of food processing facilities. To identify genes associated with this heat resistance, the genomes of C. sporogenes PA 3679 isolates were compared to several other C. sporogenes strains. The most significant difference was the acquisition of a second spoVA operon, spoVA2, which is responsible for transport of dipicolinic acid into the spore core during sporulation. Interestingly, spoVA2 was also found in some C. botulinum species which phylogenetically cluster with PA 3679. Most other C. sporogenes strains examined both lack the spoVA2 locus and are phylogenetically distant within the group I Clostridium, adding to the understanding that C. sporogenes are dispersed C. botulinum strains which lack toxin genes. C. sporogenes strains are thus a very eclectic group, and few strains possess the characteristic heat resistance of PA 3679.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679

et al. 2017

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“…Three features of the big phage genomes suggest roles in quorum sensing processes and virulence modulation: (i) a predicted protein with a LuxR-type DNA-binding HTH domain for signaling via LuxS (Hargreaves et al, 2014 ), which can induce phages (Ghosh et al, 2009 ); (ii) a predicted spore germination protease needed for de novo protein synthesis during spore outgrowth (Wetzel and Fischer, 2015 ) that may affect host germination kinetics hence transmission; and (iii) HTH transcriptional regulators that may modulate toxin production, such as RepR in phiCD119 (Govind et al, 2009 ). Although phiCD2955-like elements were found in non-toxigenic C. difficile strains, it is possible for these phages to affect virulence upon host acquisition of PaLoc by conjugation (Brouwer et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Phages phiCD5763 and phiCD2955 Represent Two Groups of Big Plasmidial Siphoviridae Phages of Clostridium difficile

2018

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Until recently, Clostridium difficile phages were limited to Myoviruses and Siphoviruses of medium genome length (32–57 kb). Here we report the finding of phiCD5763, a Siphovirus with a large extrachromosomal circular genome (132.5 kb, 172 ORFs) and a large capsid (205.6 ± 25.6 nm in diameter) infecting MLST Clade 1 strains of C. difficile. Two subgroups of big phage genomes similar to phiCD5763 were identified in 32 NAPCR1/RT012/ST-54 C. difficile isolates from Costa Rica and in whole genome sequences (WGS) of 41 C. difficile isolates of Clades 1, 2, 3, and 4 from Canada, USA, UK, Belgium, Iraq, and China. Through comparative genomics we discovered another putative big phage genome in a non-NAPCR1 isolate from Costa Rica, phiCD2955, which represents other big phage genomes found in 130 WGS of MLST Clade 1 and 2 isolates from Canada, USA, Hungary, France, Austria, and UK. phiCD2955 (131.6 kb, 172 ORFs) is related to a previously reported C. difficile phage genome, phiCD211/phiCDIF1296T. Detailed genome analyses of phiCD5763, phiCD2955, phiCD211/phiCDIF1296T, and seven other putative C. difficile big phage genome sequences of 131–136 kb reconstructed from publicly available WGS revealed a modular gene organization and high levels of sequence heterogeneity at several hotspots, suggesting that these genomes correspond to biological entities undergoing recombination. Compared to other C. difficile phages, these big phages have unique predicted terminase, capsid, portal, neck and tail proteins, receptor binding proteins (RBPs), recombinases, resolvases, primases, helicases, ligases, and hypothetical proteins. Moreover, their predicted gene load suggests a complex regulation of both phage and host functions. Overall, our results indicate that the prevalence of C. difficile big bacteriophages is more widespread than realized and open new avenues of research aiming to decipher how these viral elements influence the biology of this emerging pathogen.

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“…These proteins have all been reported to be involved in Clostridium sporulation. SASPs, in particular, play an important role in protecting DNA against damage by heat, UV radiation, or enzymic degradation in dormant bacterial endospores (Wetzel and Fischer, 2015). ATP synthase subunits were shown to be upregulated during late sporulation, possibly to meet energy demands, both in Bacillus and in Clostridium (Wang et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Metaproteomic Analysis Reveals Unique Changes of the Gut Microbiome Functions After Consumption of Sourdough Carasau Bread

et al. 2019

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Sourdough-leavened bread (SB) is acknowledged for its great variety of valuable effects on consumer's metabolism and health, including a low glycemic index and a reduced content of the possible carcinogen acrylamide. Here, we aimed to investigate how these effects influence the gut microbiota composition and functions. Therefore, we subjected rats to a diet supplemented with SB, baker's yeast leavened bread (BB), or unsupplemented diet (chow), and, after 4 weeks of treatment, their gut microbiota was analyzed using a metaproteogenomic approach. As a result, diet supplementation with SB led to a reduction of specific members of the intestinal microbiota previously associated to low protein diets, namely Alistipes and Mucispirillum , or known as intestinal pathobionts, i.e., Mycoplasma . Concerning functions, asparaginases expressed by Bacteroides were observed as more abundant in SB-fed rats, leading to hypothesize that in their colonic microbiota the enzyme substrate, asparagine, was available in higher amounts than in BB- and chow-fed rats. Another group of protein families, expressed by Clostridium , was detected as more abundant in animal fed SB-supplemented diet. Of these, manganese catalase, small acid-soluble proteins (SASP), Ser/Thr kinase PrkA, and V-ATPase proteolipid subunit have been all reported to take part in Clostridium sporulation, strongly suggesting that the diet supplementation with SB might promote environmental conditions inducing metabolic dormancy of Clostridium spp. within the gut microbiota. In conclusion, our data describe the effects of SB consumption on the intestinal microbiota taxonomy and functions in rats. Moreover, our results suggest that a metaproteogenomic approach can provide evidence of the interplay between metabolites deriving from bread digestion and microbial metabolism.

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Small acid-soluble spore proteins of Clostridium acetobutylicum are able to protect DNA in vitro and are specifically cleaved by germination protease GPR and spore protease YyaC

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679

Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679

The Novel Phages phiCD5763 and phiCD2955 Represent Two Groups of Big Plasmidial Siphoviridae Phages of Clostridium difficile

Fecal Metaproteomic Analysis Reveals Unique Changes of the Gut Microbiome Functions After Consumption of Sourdough Carasau Bread

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