Slushflow hazard — where, why and when? 25 years of experience with slushflow consulting and research

Hestnes, Erik

doi:10.3189/1998aog26-1-370-376

Cited by 11 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Slushflows are movements of water-saturated snow which initiate in gentle slopes and are characterized by long runouts (Washburn and Goldthwait, 1958;Hestnes, 1985). Their high density and velocity have caused dozens of fatalities as well as the destruction of buildings and closure of roads and railways (Hestnes, 1998).…”

Section: Type Of Ews Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Norwegian forecasting and warning service for rainfall- and snowmelt-induced landslides

Krøgli

Devoli

Colleuille

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) have run a national flood forecasting and warning service since 1989. In 2009, the directorate was given the responsibility of also initiating a national forecasting service for rainfall-induced landslides. Both services are part of a political effort to improve flood and landslide risk prevention. The Landslide Forecasting and Warning Service was officially launched in 2013 and is developed as a joint initiative across public agencies between NVE, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET), the Norwegian Public Road Administration (NPRA) and the Norwegian Rail Administration (Bane NOR). The main goal of the service is to reduce economic and human losses caused by landslides. The service performs daily a national landslide hazard assessment describing the expected awareness level at a regional level (i.e. for a county and/or group of municipalities). The service is operative 7 days a week throughout the year. Assessments and updates are published at the warning portal http://www.varsom.no/ at least twice a day, for the three coming days. The service delivers continuous updates on the current situation and future development to national and regional stakeholders and to the general public. The service is run in close cooperation with the flood forecasting service. Both services are based on the five pillars: automatic hydrological and meteorological stations, landslide and flood historical database, hydro-meteorological forecasting models, thresholds or return periods, and a trained group of forecasters. The main components of the service are herein described. A recent evaluation, conducted on the 4 years of operation, shows a rate of over 95 % correct daily assessments. In addition positive feedbacks have been received from users through a questionnaire. The capability of the service to forecast landslides by following the hydro-meteorological conditions is illustrated by an example from autumn 2017. The case shows how the landslide service has developed into a well-functioning system providing useful information, effectively and on time.

show abstract

Section: Type Of Ews Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Norwegian forecasting and warning service for rainfall- and snowmelt-induced landslides

Krøgli

Devoli

Colleuille

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…In addition, 35 cm of snow fell from March 21st to March 23rd followed by 6 mm of rain on March 26th and 3 mm on March 27th. A combination of temperature above the freezing point and rain-onsnow for slushflow triggering has also been observed in Swedish and Finnish Lapland by Hestnes (1985Hestnes ( , 1998, Nyberg (1985Nyberg ( , 1989, and Clark and Seppälä (1988), in Alaska by Onesti (1985), and in Kirgiztan by Elder and Kattelmann (1993). Hétu and Vandelac (1989) have also observed small slushflows on the Gaspé Peninsula, in the Mt St. Pierre area, caused by rainfall on a cover of fresh snow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Slushflows are water-saturated snow masses flowing principally along a first-order stream channel. Their formation is associated with increased water content in the snowpack through rainfall, snowmelt or a combination of both until critical instability is reached and snow mass is released (Nyberg 1985;Onesti 1985;Hestnes and Sandersen 1986;Onesti and Hestnes 1989;Hestnes 1998). Slushflows are widespread in arctic and subarctic environments (Washburn and Goldthwait 1958;Rapp 1959Rapp , 1960Rapp , 1962Rapp , 1985Rapp , 1995Nyberg 1985Nyberg , 1989André 1993André , 1995, and also in alpine environments at lower latitudes (Caine 1969;Luckman 1977;Gardner 1983;Elder and Kattelmann 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slushflows are widespread in arctic and subarctic environments (Washburn and Goldthwait 1958;Rapp 1959Rapp , 1960Rapp , 1962Rapp , 1985Rapp , 1995Nyberg 1985Nyberg , 1989André 1993André , 1995, and also in alpine environments at lower latitudes (Caine 1969;Luckman 1977;Gardner 1983;Elder and Kattelmann 1993). So far, a few studies have described slushflows in mountainous forested areas (Hétu and Vandelac 1989;Hestnes 1998;Larocque 1999). Girard and Hétu (1989) reported a slushflow that occurred on 27 March 1988 on the southeastern slope of Mt Albert (Gaspé Peninsula, Québec) (Figs 1 and 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Geomorphic and dendroecological impacts of slushflows in central Gaspe Peninsula (Quebec, Canada)

Larocque¹,

Hétu²,

Filion³

2001

Geografiska Ann A

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“…It is expected that climate changes, with more intense rainfall and increased temperatures, will contribute to an increase in landslide hazard (Gariano and Guzzetti, 2016;Hanssen-Bauer et al, 2017). It is estimated that every year about 200 of these events hit road sectors and about 30 hit railways (Hisdal et al, 2017). Norway has a long tradition of building physical structures (i.e.…”

Section: Type Of Ews Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finale reply to Referee #1

Krøgli¹

2018

Preprint

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The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) have run a national flood forecasting and warning service since 1989. In 2009, the directorate was given the responsibility of also initiating a national forecasting service for rainfall-induced landslides. Both services are part of a political effort to improve flood and landslide risk prevention. The Landslide Forecasting and Warning Service was officially launched in 2013 and is developed as a joint initiative across public agencies between NVE, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET), the Norwegian Public Road Administration (NPRA) and the Norwegian Rail Administration (Bane NOR). The main goal of the service is to reduce economic and human losses caused by landslides. The service performs daily a national landslide hazard assessment describing the expected awareness level at a regional level (i.e. for a county and/or group of municipalities). The service is operative 7 days a week throughout the year. Assessments and updates are published at the warning portal http://www.varsom.no/ at least twice a day, for the three coming days. The service delivers continuous updates on the current situation and future development to national and regional stakeholders and to the general public. The service is run in close cooperation with the flood forecasting service. Both services are based on the five pillars: automatic hydrological and meteorological stations, landslide and flood historical database, hydro-meteorological forecasting models, thresholds or return periods, and a trained group of forecasters. The main components of the service are herein described. A recent evaluation, conducted on the 4 years of operation, shows a rate of over 95 % correct daily assessments. In addition positive feedbacks have been received from users through a questionnaire. The capability of the service to forecast landslides by following the hydro-meteorological conditions is illustrated by an example from autumn 2017. The case shows how the landslide service has developed into a well-functioning system providing useful information, effectively and on time.

show abstract

Slushflow hazard — where, why and when? 25 years of experience with slushflow consulting and research

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

The Norwegian forecasting and warning service for rainfall- and snowmelt-induced landslides

The Norwegian forecasting and warning service for rainfall- and snowmelt-induced landslides

Geomorphic and dendroecological impacts of slushflows in central Gaspe Peninsula (Quebec, Canada)

Finale reply to Referee #1

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