Sludge footprints of municipal treatment plant for the management of net useful energy generation beyond energy neutrality

Sözen, Seval; Karaca, Cansu; Allı, Buşra; Orhon, Derin

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.080

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that 24% to 48% of COD (i.e., an average of 60% of COD removed) was converted into sludge; however, 19% to 50% of the sludge — an average of 35% — escaped the settler into the next B stage, which basically operated as an activated sludge process with an inflow of particulate substrate and active biomass 22 . Thus, the observed sludge/energy recovery in the A stage was reduced to 44%, which is lower than what can be achieved in most conventional activated sludge configurations 5,23 . The results summarized in Table 3 provide a clear indication that the main bottleneck of the A process is sustaining the presumed high biomass/COD recovery, mainly due to the fragile nature of the flocs.…”

Section: The a Processmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In a study that should be considered a major milestone, Pearson 3 introduced the sludge age, θ X (sludge retention time, SRT), defining the culture history and the net growth rate of biomass sustained in the system; Jenkins and Garrison 4 confirmed the relevance of the sludge age as a major parameter for biomass activity for the design and operation of activated sludge systems. A recent study used a sludge age threshold of 2.0 days, defining SFAS operation below a θ X level of 2.0 days, which would be differentiated from the high rate activated sludge process sustained at a θ X range of 3.0–4.0 days 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study used a sludge age threshold of 2.0 days, defining SFAS operation below a ⊔ X level of 2.0 days, which would be differentiated from the high rate activated sludge process sustained at a ⊔ X range of 3.0-4.0 days. 5 The practice of modified aeration faded out of the scientific focus in the 1940s; after a long time, however, it emerged again in the eighties under a new name: The A process. It was presumably inspired by a two-stage activated sludge modification promoted as the AB process in 1977.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anatomy of super‐fast activated sludge process with gravity settling for biodegradation and energy recovery potential ‐ a review

Orhon

Sözen

Çokgör

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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This study reviewed the conceptual basis and the application of extremely high rate activated sludge configurations with gravity settling. It evaluated the modified aeration process, as the historical pioneering development, and the A process (adsorption), which was inspired by the traditional AB process (adsorption/biological oxidation) promulgated in the seventies. For this purpose, a modelling framework was established to simulate the expected performance and the energy recovery potential of these processes using the currently applicable data base. The model evaluation was also extended to cover the Yenikapı plant in Istanbul as a current case study. The modelling results were discussed in view of the handicaps of gravity settling and the merit of high‐rate membrane bioreactors where gravity settling would be replaced by membrane filtration. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: The a Processmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy of super‐fast activated sludge process with gravity settling for biodegradation and energy recovery potential ‐ a review

Orhon

Sözen

Çokgör

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…A recent study evaluated the sludge footprints of different activated sludge configurations to visualize the corresponding potential of energy conservation in generated sludge . The concept of sludge footprint was used not only to create a data base for the estimation of the energy conservation potential of domestic sewage treatment, but also for effective management of energy recovery.…”

Section: Reshaping the Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reshaping the activated sludge process: has the time come or passed?

Orhon

Sözen

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Despite the amazing achievements over the years, the activated sludge (AS) process still maintains inherent drawbacks, namely gravity settling, high sludge ages, low excess sludge generation, etc., which hinder its successful operation and sometimes disrupt system performance. Substantial research on the subject has provided clear scientific evidence that time has come -or even passed -for reshaping the AS process. In the novel AS process, gravity settling will be replaced by membrane filtration, which will convert the system configuration into a membrane activated sludge (MAS) reactor; this configuration will be operated at an extremely low sludge age range of 2 to 4 days, which will maximize sludge generation and it will abandon the traditional anaerobic sludge digestion for optimizing energy recovery. It is suggested that super-fast membrane activated sludge (SFMAS) reactor be the new face of the AS process. SFMAS reactor will be the core unit of the AS process essentially limited to organic carbon (chemical oxygen demand) removal and energy recovery. The core SFMAS unit will also enable to benefit from all the assets of the AS process, such as nutrient removal, biopolymer recovery, etc., by means of hybrid systems in different configurations, i.e. by reactors with various functions that will be attached to the core unit.

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“…During the treatment of wastewater in the activated sludge system, a huge amount of organic biomass in the form of waste‐activated sludge (WAS) is generated (Sahinkaya, 2015). The energy associated with WAS can be efficiently captured through the biomethanation process while employing suitable physicochemical and mechanical pretreatment techniques (Perendeci et al., 2020; Sözen et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COD fractionation and solubility assessment of sonicated waste‐activated sludge

Al-Hoqani¹,

Zafar²,

Musharafi³

et al. 2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Ultrasonic treatment is adopted as one of the important strategies to accelerate the hydrolysis of waste‐activated sludge (WAS). This study intends to optimize amplitude and time for ultrasonic treatment of WAS using statistically designed experiments that would render a better degree of disintegration, measured in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization. The main and interaction effects of nonlinear regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between amplitude and time over the degree of sludge disintegration. The ultrasonic density of 0.45 W/mL for 30 min favored a 153.84% increase in COD solubilization with a 27.65% degree of sludge disintegration. This condition also favored the minimum specific energy input of 801.58 kJ/g total suspended solids compared to other sonication conditions. Besides, the sludge volume index was reduced by 45% and 26% at the ultrasonic density of 0.45 W/mL for 60 and 30 min, respectively. Microscopic examination of WAS revealed disintegration of bacterial flocs during the ultrasonication process releasing filamentous bacteria with smaller floc sizes. The results from this study indicate that higher ultrasonic density for short time could improve the sludge disintegration with minimum specific energy input.

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Sludge footprints of municipal treatment plant for the management of net useful energy generation beyond energy neutrality

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Anatomy of super‐fast activated sludge process with gravity settling for biodegradation and energy recovery potential ‐ a review

Anatomy of super‐fast activated sludge process with gravity settling for biodegradation and energy recovery potential ‐ a review

Reshaping the activated sludge process: has the time come or passed?

COD fractionation and solubility assessment of sonicated waste‐activated sludge

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