Slowly Digestible Carbohydrate Diet Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet/Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Abstract

ObjectiveGiven that the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase, it is important to find an effective method to prevent or treat this disease. Previous studies have shown that dietary intervention with a slowly digestible carbohydrate (SDC) diet can improve T2DM with almost no side effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of SDC protect against T2DM remains to be elucidated.MethodsThe T2DM mice model was established with a high-fat diet and streptozocin injection. Then, SDC was administered for 6 weeks. Bodyweight, food intake, organ indices, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other biochemical parameters were measured. Histopathological and lipid accumulation analyses were performed, and the glucose metabolism-related gene expressions in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined. Lastly, colonic microbiota was also analyzed.ResultsSDC intervention alleviated the weight loss in the pancreas, lowered blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and improved glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR. SDC intervention improved serum lipid profile, adipocytokines levels, and lowered the lipid accumulation in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and epididymal visceral adipose tissue. In addition, SDC intervention increased the expression levels of IRS-2 and GLUT-2 in liver tissues and elevated GLUT-4 expression levels in skeletal muscle tissues. Notably, SDC intervention decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae genus levels, and inhibited the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria.ConclusionsSDC intervention can improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia status in diabetic mice, suggesting that this intervention might be beneficial for T2DM.

Mangiferin alleviates trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherogenesis and modulates gut microbiota in mice

“…68 Furthermore, a recent research demonstrated that a diet supplemented with slowly digestible carbohydrates improved serum glycemic and lipid profiles in diabetic mice, accompanied by an elevation in Desulfovibrio abundance. 69 In line with these findings, our study revealed a positive correlation between the Desulfovibrio abundance and the fecal content of valeric acid, cholesterol, dehydrocholesterol, total neutral sterols, and lithocholic acid (Fig. 5).…”

Desulfovibrio in the Gut: The Enemy within?

“…One such study highlighted the protective role of DSV in NAFLD via its production of acetic acid [ 127 ]. In a recent study, supplementation with a slowly digestible carbohydrate diet improved hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-streptozocin-induced diabetic mice, resulting in an increase in DSV population [ 128 ]. However, the role of DSV in these studies is not clear, and further research demonstrating a direct role of DSV in the development of metabolic syndrome is needed.…”

Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome

“…It has been shown that a diet high in refined or processed starches and sugars that have lost the majority of fibers (~40% insoluble dietary fiber) and nutrition value can produce substantial swings in blood glucose and insulin levels, 23,24 proceed TG accumulation, the key driver of central obesity triggering adipocytokine dysregulation, and generation of inflammation, IR, MetS, and cardio‐metabolic complications 25,26 . On the other hand, complex CHO, that is, slowly digestible, such as whole grain, bran, as well as nondigestible and lente CHO have been shown to improve postprandial insulinemia, gut satiety peptides, gut microbiota, hyperlipidemia, lean body mass, inflammation and, ultimately, lower the prevalence of MetS and T2DM 27–30 . Recently short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from dietary fibers have been used as potential therapeutic targets in the management of various metabolic disorders 27–31 .…”

“…25,26 On the other hand, complex CHO, that is, slowly digestible, such as whole grain, bran, as well as nondigestible and lente CHO have been shown to improve postprandial insulinemia, gut satiety peptides, gut microbiota, hyperlipidemia, lean body mass, inflammation and, ultimately, lower the prevalence of MetS and T2DM. [27][28][29][30] Recently short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from dietary fibers have been used as potential therapeutic targets in the management of various metabolic disorders. [27][28][29][30][31] For example, SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are the main metabolic products of gut microbiota.…”

“…[27][28][29][30] Recently short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from dietary fibers have been used as potential therapeutic targets in the management of various metabolic disorders. [27][28][29][30][31] For example, SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are the main metabolic products of gut microbiota. These SCFAs activate several G-proteincoupled cell surface receptors and release numerous hormones and signaling molecules such as GLP-1 and PYY, which act on adipocyte and balance energy homeostasis by increasing adipogenesis, leptin, and decreasing lipolysis.…”