Slower heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1

Kanki, Phyllis J.; Travers, Karin; Marlink, Richard; Essex, Max; Mboup, Souleymane; Guèye-Ndiaye, Aı̈ssatou; Siby, Tidiane; Thior, Ibou; Jl, Sankale; Cc, Hsieh; Hernández-Ávila, Mauricio; Ndoye, Ibra

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90065-5

Cited by 309 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There are a number of possible reasons for this: (1) although the confounding effects of CD4 count were controlled for as far as possible, between 20 and 25% of patients were started on ART in the absence of a known CD4 count, and therefore there may be residual confounding by CD4 count that explains some of the difference, (2) the administration of inappropriate ART regimens for HIV-2, (3) poorer ART adherence among HIV-2 patients. The latter two reasons may also explain why HIV-2 patients with severe immune deficiency had higher mortality than severely immune-deficient HIV-1 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV-1 is more easily trans-mitted, and consequently accounts for the vast majority of global HIV infections; the less transmissible HIV-2 is largely confined to West Africa, where it is thought to have originated. 1,2 As HIV-2 is less pathogenic than HIV-1, HIV-2-infected individuals appear to have a much longer asymptomatic stage, slower progression to AIDS, [3][4][5][6] slower decline in CD4 count 3,7,8 and lower mortality 5,9-11 than patients with HIV-1. Serological reactivity to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (HIV-1/2) exists, and some evidence suggests that this serological profile has increased over the past decade in areas previously endemic for HIV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Baseline characteristics, response to and outcome of antiretroviral therapy among patients with HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infection in Burkina Faso

Harries

Zachariah

Manzi

et al. 2010

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline characteristics, response to and outcome of antiretroviral therapy among patients with HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infection in Burkina Faso

Harries

Zachariah

Manzi

et al. 2010

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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“…Differences in biology and viral load may explain the conflicting trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence [10][11][12]. Heterosexual transmission of HIV-2 seems to be less efficient compared to HIV-1 [13,14]. Further, progression to AIDS is slower in HIV-2-than in HIV-1-infected individuals [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau

et al. 2007

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to determine whether a temporary rise in sexual risk behaviour during war in Guinea–Bissau could explain the observed trends in HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence, and to explore the possible contribution of competitive elimination of HIV-2 by HIV-1. A simulation model of the heterosexual transmission of sexually transmitted infections was parameterized using demographic, behavioural and epidemiological data from rural Guinea–Bissau, and fitted to the observed HIV-1 and HIV-2 trends with and without a historic rise in risk behaviour. The observed trends could only be simulated by assuming a temporary rise in risk behaviour. Around 30% of the projected decline in HIV-2 prevalence from a peak of 8·7% to 4·3% in 2010 was due to competitive elimination by HIV-1. Importantly for public health, HIV-1 prevalence was predicted to continue increasing and to become the dominant HIV type by 2010. Data collection is required to validate this prediction.

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“…Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that the expected rate of transmission as well as disease progression is substantially lower for HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 [23][24][25][26]. This may be due to virological factors leading to the lower viral load usually accompanying HIV-2 infection [35][36][37][38][39][40], but other factors such as a more efficient immune response against HIV-2 may be involved (or both) (reviewed in [41]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV-2 differs from HIV-1 regarding some important features: the transmission rate is lower and there is a considerably slower progression from the time of infection to the final stages [23][24][25][26]. The mechanisms behind these differences are not clearly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses in HIV-2-infected and in HIV-2-exposed but uninfected individuals in Guinea-Bissau

Andersson

Larsen

Silva

et al. 2005

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses were determined in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-2-exposed uninfected individuals, HIV-2-infected individuals and HIV-negative controls in Guinea-Bissau. Increased HIV-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses were detected in both groups compared to HIV-negative controls (healthy HIV-uninfected individuals without known exposure to an HIV-infected person); five out of 29 of the HIV-2-exposed uninfected and half (16 of 32) of the HIV-2-infected individuals had stimulation indexes > > > > 2, compared to one out of 49 of the HIV-negative controls ( P = = = = 0·003 and P < < < < 0·0001, respectively). The exposed uninfected individuals had reactivity to a HIV-2 V3-peptide corresponding to amino acids 311-326 of the envelope glycoprotein, while the HIV-2-infected people reacted mainly to HIV-2 whole viral lysate. Thus, this study demonstrates a high degree of HIV-2-specific T helper cell activity, as measured by lymphocyte proliferation, in HIV-2-exposed uninfected individuals as well as in HIV-2-infected subjects. These immune responses could be important for resistance to the infection and for the control of established infection and, thus, play a role in the lower transmission and progression of HIV-2 compared to HIV-1.

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Slower heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1

Cited by 309 publications

References 10 publications

Baseline characteristics, response to and outcome of antiretroviral therapy among patients with HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infection in Burkina Faso

Baseline characteristics, response to and outcome of antiretroviral therapy among patients with HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infection in Burkina Faso

Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses in HIV-2-infected and in HIV-2-exposed but uninfected individuals in Guinea-Bissau

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