Slow Wave Sleep Dreaming

Cavallero, Corrado; Cicogna, Piera Carla; Natale, Vincenzo; Occhionero, Miranda; Zito, Assunta

doi:10.1093/sleep/15.6.562

Cited by 157 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This observation was confirmed by several other authors and consequently challenged the "REM-dream equation" [20][21][22]. The persistence of dream experiences despite complete pharmacological REM-sleep suppression gives further support for the existence of a dream-like mentation in NREM sleep [23].…”

Section: Nrem Sleep and Dreamingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Dreaming: a neurological view

2005

Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatr

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SummaryBassetti CL, Bischof M,Valko P. Dreaming: a neurological view. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 2005; 156:399-414. Dreaming is the mental activity of REM (and less commonly NREM) sleep. It is characterised by a perception of self, inner and outer world that is distinct from that of wakefulness. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies suggest that dreaming arises from activation of brainstem, thalamo-limbic and medial temporo-occipital areas and inactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal areas.Dream abnormalities in neurological disorders have poorly been studied. They include a reduction/cessation of dreaming (Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome), an increase in dream frequency, changes in dream contents and accompaniments (including REM sleep behaviour disorder) and the occurrence of dream-like experiences (hallucinations) during wakefulness and wake-sleep/sleep-wake transitions. Dream changes in association with neurological conditions including primary sleep disorders (e.g. narcolepsy, REM sleep behaviour disorder [RBD], nightmares), stroke and Parkinson's syndrome are reviewed.Assessment of altered dreaming and dreamlike experiences can be of clinical significance because of their diagnostic and therapeutic implications (RBD, hallucinations), prognostic significance (hallucinations) and distress that they can have for patients and their bed partners (e.g. nightmares, hallucinations, RBD). In addition, systematic studies of dream and dream-like experiences are expected to offer unique insights into the brain, mind and emotions of neurological patients.

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Section: Nrem Sleep and Dreamingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Dreaming: a neurological view

2005

Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatr

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“…For example, the normal rules of space and time can be ignored or disobeyed, so that in REM dreams it is possible to walk through walls, fly, interact with an entirely unknown person as if she was your mother, or stroll through Paris past the Empire State Building. NREM dreams, however, are quite different (Cavallero et al 1992). Here, episodic memories do appear in dream content (see Foulkes 1962;Cicogna et al 1986Cicogna et al , 1991Cavallero et al 1992;Baylor and Cavallero 2001).…”

Section: Dreams and Episodic Memory Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NREM dreams, however, are quite different (Cavallero et al 1992). Here, episodic memories do appear in dream content (see Foulkes 1962;Cicogna et al 1986Cicogna et al , 1991Cavallero et al 1992;Baylor and Cavallero 2001). Recent episodes are predominant, but remote memories occasionally appear as well.…”

Section: Dreams and Episodic Memory Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation: The role of the stress hormone cortisol

Payne¹,

Nadel²

2004

Learn. Mem.

136

101

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We discuss the relationship between sleep, dreams, and memory, proposing that the content of dreams reflects aspects of memory consolidation taking place during the different stages of sleep. Although we acknowledge the likely involvement of various neuromodulators in these phenomena, we focus on the hormone cortisol, which is known to exert influence on many of the brain systems involved in memory. The concentration of cortisol escalates over the course of the night's sleep, in ways that we propose can help explain the changing nature of dreams across the sleep cycle.There is currently no convincing explanation for why we dream or what we dream about. In this article we propose an approach to dreaming that focuses on the relationship between sleep and memory. We suggest that dreams reflect a biological process of long-term memory consolidation, serving to strengthen the neural traces of recent events, to integrate these new traces with older memories and previously stored knowledge, and to maintain the stability of existing memory representations in the face of subsequent experience (Winson 1985(Winson , 2002(Winson , 2004Kali and Dayan 2004).It is generally assumed that long-term memory consolidation involves interactions among multiple brain systems, modulated by various neurotransmitters and neurohormones. We propose that the characteristics of dreams are best understood in the context of this neuromodulatory impact on the brain systems involved in memory consolidation. Although a number of neurotransmitters and neurohormones are likely involved, we focus our attention in particular on the stress hormone cortisol, which has widespread effects on memory during waking life through its impact on many of the critical brain structures implicated in memory function.Our hypothesis, briefly stated, is that variations in cortisol (and other neurotransmitters) determine the functional status of hippocampal ↔ neocortical circuits, thereby influencing the memory consolidation processes that transpire during sleep. The status of these circuits largely determines the phenomenology of dreams, providing an explanation for why we dream and of what. As a corollary, dreams can be thought of as windows onto the inner workings of our memory systems, at least those of which we can become conscious.In addition to exploring these ideas in more detail, we provide some background concerning (1) the states of sleep and the role of various neurotransmitters in switching from one sleep state to another, (2) how the characteristics of dreams vary as a function of sleep state, (3) the memory content typically associated with dreaming in different dream states, and (4) the role of sleep in the consolidation of memory.

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“…NREM dreaming challenges the concept that REM-specific physiology underlies all sleep mentation (Cavallero et al, 1992). However, it remains controversial if NREM dreams are the repercussion of "covert" REM sleep (Nielsen, 2000).…”

Section: Nrem Sleep Is Not a Challenge For Dream Recallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical activation patterns herald successful dream recall after NREM and REM sleep

Chellappa

Frey

Knoblauch

et al. 2011

Biological Psychology

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a b s t r a c tDreaming pertains to both REM and NREM sleep. However, frequency and regional specific differences in EEG activity remains controversial. We investigated NREM and REM sleep EEG power density associated with and without dream recall in 17 young subjects during a 40-h multiple nap protocol under constant routine conditions. NREM sleep was associated with lower EEG power density for dream recall in the delta range, particularly in frontal derivations, and in the spindle range in centro-parietal derivations. REM sleep was associated with low frontal alpha activity and with high alpha and beta activity in occipital derivations. Our data indicate that specific EEG frequency-and topography changes underlie differences between dream recall and no recall after both NREM and REM sleep awakening. This dual NREM-REM sleep modulation holds strong implications for the mechanistic understanding of this complex ongoing cognitive process.

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Slow Wave Sleep Dreaming

Cited by 157 publications

References 9 publications

Dreaming: a neurological view

Dreaming: a neurological view

Sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation: The role of the stress hormone cortisol

Cortical activation patterns herald successful dream recall after NREM and REM sleep

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