Slow wave activity and prior sleep/wakefulness on an irregular schedule

Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Gillberg, Mats; Folkard, Simon

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00022.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Models of homeostatic sleep regulation posit that slow wave sleep (SWS) mainly occurs in the first night half whereas REM sleep dominates the second night half (Ekstrand, Barrett, West, & Maier, 1977). SWS in the first night half has further been linked to the recovery of alertness across sleep (Åkerstedt, Gillberg, & Folkard, 1992). 3.…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of sleep on explicit and implicit memory for potential trauma reminders: findings from an analogue study

Sopp

Brueckner

Schäfer

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Recent findings suggest that disruptions of sleep-related memory processing are involved in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms. More specifically, exposure to an analogue traumatic event resulted in fewer intrusive memories, when it was followed by sleep instead of continued wakefulness. However, competing evidence suggests that sleep deprivation may reduce intrusive re-experiencing. To address these conflicting accounts, we examined how sleepas opposed to partial sleep deprivationmodulates explicit and implicit trauma memory using an analogue procedure. Methods: Healthy participants (N = 41) were assigned to a Sleep or Partial sleep deprivation group. Prior to nocturnal sleep, both groups were exposed to "traumatic" picture stories. After sleep or partial sleep deprivation, participants were subjected to tests of explicit and implicit memory for potential trauma reminders. Thereafter, participants completed an intrusion triggering task that was embedded in a distractor task. Results: Analyses revealed higher explicit memory for potential trauma reminders after sleep as compared to partial sleep deprivation. No group differences were found for implicit memory. Participants responded with fewer intrusions after sleep than following partial sleep deprivation. Conclusions: The current findings support a protective role of sleep in trauma memory processing, which may be evident after the first night of sleep post-trauma. Although more research is needed, our results corroborate the importance of promoting restful sleep in trauma-exposed individuals.

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Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of sleep on explicit and implicit memory for potential trauma reminders: findings from an analogue study

Sopp

Brueckner

Schäfer

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…To circumvent the problem of relativity, we have developed an absolute nine-point rating scale with verbal anchors. The steps are 1 = very alert; 3 = alert; 5 = neither alert nor sleepy; 7 = sleepy, but no effort required to keep awake; and 9 = very sleepy, fighting sleep, an effort to keep awake (Akerstedt & Gillberg, 1990). This Karolinska Scale of Sleepiness (KSS) is closely related to the visual analogue scale of alertness and to changes in the EEG/electrooculogram (EOG).…”

Section: Prediction Of Rated Unintentional Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-rated sleepiness is frequently a necessary substitute for EEG measures of sleepiness, and high levels of objective sleepiness appear to reflect episodes of sleep onset, although immediately aborted (Akerstedt & Gillberg, 1990). Most rating scales for this purpose make use of the visual analogue approach-a 100-mm line between the verbal descrip-tors "very alert" and "very sleepy" on which the subjects are asked to mark their level of sleepiness.…”

Section: Prediction Of Rated Unintentional Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of intentional and unintentional sleep onset.

Åkerstedt

Folkard²

1994

Sleep Onset: Normal and Abnormal Processes.

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Torbjorn herstedt and Simon Folkard leep onset may be either intentional, that is, initiating a conven-S tional sleep episode, or unintentional, initiating a sleep intrusion into an ongoing waking activity. The latter constitutes an obvious problem if the waking activity involves work or some other purposeful activity. However, the intentional sleep onset is also of major importance if it fails to occur. Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies conducted during actual work have demonstrated that 25% of process operators fall asleep during work and sleep for 5 to 30 min without being aware that sleep has occurred (Torsvall, herstedt, Gillander, & Knutsson, 1989). Similar results have been demonstrated for train drivers and truck drivers, although these groups lack full-fledged sleep and rather present a picture of a continuous series of short sleep onsets while fighting sleep (Kecklun & herstedt, 1993; Torsvall & Akerstedt, 1987). Observations such as these have led us to develop a quantitative model of alertness regulation.The purpose of this chapter is to describe some of our recent work to improve the model in terms of its ability to predict the timing of unintentional sleep onset during work and to predict the latency of 73

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