Slow steaming of liner trade: its economic and environmental impacts

Designing a sustainable maritime supply chain: A hybrid QFD–ANP approach

“…As a part of the supply chain connecting customers and various parties in cargo flows, shipping firms increasingly undertake GSP in facilitating international trade in a more environmentally-sustainable way (Lai et al 2013b). Yin et al (2014) showed that slow steaming practised by liners contributes to both bunker cost savings and environmental protection. In a broader sense, Lirn et al (2014) found that green shipping management capability not only improves container shipping firms' environmental performance, but also their financial performance.…”

Robust and sustainable full-shipload routing and scheduling problem considering variable speed: A real case study

“…Indeed, the Pareto-optimal solutions are determined by the ɛ -constraint method, with different ɛ values at the right hand side (RHS) of the objective functions that considered as additional constraint, until the DM be satisfied (Effective implementation of the e-constraint method in Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming problems). It is proofed that the ɛ -constraint method explores efficient solutions but it also may generate infeasible solutions [51]. So the ɛ -constraint method, is extended by an improved version of the augmented e-constraint method (AUGMECON2) for finding the exact Pareto set in multi-objective integer programming problems.…”

The impact of slow steaming on the carriers’ and shippers’ costs: The case of a global logistics network

“…Shipper's holding, backorder and operational costs per day at the CDC Given the refrigerator's net average value of 265€/refrigerator and an annual target return on capital of 12% (Eefsen and Simonsen, 2010;Yin et al 2014), the inventory holding cost per FEU per day is estimated as h = (265·39.8·0.12)/365 = 3.47€/FEU/ day. However, and as the pipeline inventory cost per FEU per day does not incorporate the facility-related operating costs, we further assume that it represents 80% of the inventory holding costs per FEU per day and is therefore equal to h p = 2.78€/FEU/day.…”

“…We then re-estimated the average shipping volume per refrigerator which is equal to 1.19 m 3 . To this end, in order to determine the number of refrigerators that can fit in an FEU, we considered the volume of an FEU = 67.7 m 3 , an average loading rate per FEU = 70% (Eefsen and Simonsen, 2010;Yin et al, 2014), and the average shipping volume per refrigerator of 1.19 m 3 , leading to an average number of 39.8 refrigerators per FEU. I.…”