Slow pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate: Online monitoring of gas production and quantitative analysis of waxy products

Dhahak, Asma; Hild, Guillaume; Rouaud, Mathieu; Mauviel, Guillain; Burklé-Vitzthum, Valérie

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104664

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Aromatic (C=C), C-H bands, and (=C-H) bands are situated at 1609 (1509), 3065, and 880 cm −1 , respectively [34,35]. Two small but sharp peaks appear at 2982-2827 cm −1 , indicating the presence of the C-H stretch in the alkenes, which is similar to the results of Dhahak et al [28]. In addition, the strongest peak located at approximately 1685 cm −1 presents the C=O stretch and the existence of three strong peaks (at approximately 1260, 1085, and 1020 cm −1 ) referring to the ester bond (C-O) stretch reveals the existence of carboxylic acids.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Dosage On the Wax Compositionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…According to the studies of Artetxe and Du, the random scission of the ester bonds leads to the formation of carboxyl groups and vinyl ester, etc. [8,13] when it is exposed to high temperatures (≥385 • C) [28]. Then, some smaller molecular bonds including acetaldehyde, CO 2 , CO, and ethylene were formed subsequently due to the instability of vinyl ester [31,32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dhahak et al tried to use other solvents such as water, ethanol, hot methanol, acetone and acetate, etc. to dissolve the waxy product and found that no other solvents work better than pyridine [28]. Therefore, the waxy product that adhered to the wall of the quartz tube needs to be washed with pyridine and followed by the evaporation of mixed liquid after each experiment.…”

Section: Tube Furnace Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) with Zeolite and Nickel Chloride

et al. 2020

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The pyrolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in the presence of ZSM-5 zeolite and NiCl2 as a catalyst was studied at different temperatures under N2 atmosphere. Quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the waxy and solid residue. The carboxyl and aliphatic hydroxyl groups in the waxy residue have been greatly depleted after the use of zeolite during pyrolysis on the basis of the results of 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis. The proportion of aromatic hydroxyl groups increased by 21.82% when the mass ratio of zeolite to PET was set to 2.0/1.0. The results indicate that ZSM-5 is able to facilitate the decomposition of carboxyl, aliphatic groups, and ether bonds in the primary products produced from the pyrolysis of PET. In addition, the deoxygenation effects on the waxy products have been significantly enhanced with the addition of zeolite based on the results of NMR.

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Section: Effect Of Catalyst Dosage On the Wax Compositionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tube Furnace Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) with Zeolite and Nickel Chloride

et al. 2020

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“…Figure S2 shows the practical results, their integration, and the subsequent simulated results from the TGA kinetic modelling results at different heating rates from 0.5 to 8 °C.min -1 . Similar TGA results were reported in the literature [22,27,33,34]. The high mass loss in PET pyrolysis is due to the high volatile matter content as reported by Lee et al , who reported a value of 86.1 wt.% [22], Oh et al was 88.1% [25], while Park et al stated 91.6% [34] in PET pyrolysis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Traces of benzene was detected herein in two peaks as shown in Figure S4, with a large peak and small shoulder. This is also in agreement with the literature, as it was explained that those two peaks are due to the decarboxylation of benzoic acid (1 st peak) and terephthalic acid (2 nd peak) [33]. Dhahak et al reported that the major three gaseous compounds detected during the pyrolysis of PET were acetaldehyde, benzoic acid and vinyl terephthalate [20].…”

Section: The In-situ Gaseous Monitoring Of Pet Pyrolysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Pyrolysis kinetic modelling of abundant plastic waste (PET) and in-situ emissions monitoring

Osman

Farrell

Al-Muhtaseb

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Recycling the ever-increasing plastic waste has become an urgent global concern. One of the most convenient methods for plastic recycling is pyrolysis, owing to its environmentally friendly nature and its intrinsic properties. Understanding the pyrolysis process and the degradation mechanism is crucial for scale-up and reactor design. Therefore, we studied kinetic modelling of the pyrolysis process for one of the most common plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The focus was to better understand and predict PET pyrolysis when transitioning to a low carbon economy and adhering to environmental and governmental legislation. This work aims at presenting for the first time, the kinetic triplet (activation energy, pre-exponential constant and reaction rate) for the PET pyrolysis using the differential iso-conversional method. This is coupled with the in-situ online tracking of the gaseous emissions using mass spectrometry.Results: The differential iso-conversional method showed activation energy (Ea) values of 165-195 kJ.mol-1, R2 = 0.99659. While the ASTM-E698 showed 165.6 kJ.mol-1 and integral methods such as Flynn-Wall and Ozawa (FWO) (166-180 kJ.mol-1). The in-situ Mass Spectrometry results showed the pyrolysis gaseous emissions which are C1-hydrocarbon and H-O-C=O along with C2 hydrocarbons, C5- C6 hydrocarbons, acetaldehyde, the fragment of O-CH=CH2, hydrogen and water. Conclusions: From the obtained results herein, thermal predictions (isothermal, non-isothermal and step-based heating) were determined based on the kinetic parameters and can be used at numerous scales with a high level of accuracy compared with the literature.

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Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Waste for the Production of Aromatics and Olefins as Monomers for Circular Polyolefins and Polycarbonate.SABIC TRUCIRCLE™ (Case Study)

Galan‐Sanchez

Dittrich

Zijl

et al. 2023

Industrial Arene Chemistry

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Slow pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate: Online monitoring of gas production and quantitative analysis of waxy products

Cited by 72 publications

References 53 publications

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) with Zeolite and Nickel Chloride

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) with Zeolite and Nickel Chloride

Pyrolysis kinetic modelling of abundant plastic waste (PET) and in-situ emissions monitoring

Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Waste for the Production of Aromatics and Olefins as Monomers for Circular Polyolefins and Polycarbonate.SABIC TRUCIRCLE™ (Case Study)

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