Slow inward current induced by achatin-I, an endogenous peptide with a D-Phe residue

Occurrence of l- and d-Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Isoforms in the Eyestalk X-Organ/Sinus Gland Complex During the Ontogeny of the Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus

“…This process would generate peptides with different specialized functions from one gene . For example, among several stereoisomers of achatin isolated from the African giant snail Achatina fulica (Kamatani et al 1989), d-Phe 2 -achatin (achatin-I) has a neuroexcitatory effect on the giant neurons of the snail, whereas its l-stereoisomer (achatin-II) does not possess biological activity and has not yet a defined role (Fujimoto et al 1991;Kim et al 1991). The d-Phe 3 -CHH inhibits ecdysteroid synthesis like the MIH in Procambarus clarkii, whereas the l-CHH isomer has no effect on this process (Yasuda et al 1994).…”

Effects of procaine on a central neuron of the snail, Achatina fulica Ferussac

“…This system allows rapid exchange of the bathing medium without apparent mechanical disturbance of the neuron under study (Slater et al, 1984). The Ca 2+ -free solution was substituted the calcium ion with equimolar amounts (8 mM) of CoCl 2 (Kim et al, 1991) or calcium-free solution with EGTA 2 mM (Chen and Tsai, 1996). In LiCl solution, NaCl (85 mM) was substituted with LiCl.…”

“…The Ca 2+ -free solution was substituted the calcium ion with equimolar amounts (8 mM) of CoCl 2 (Kim et al, 1991) or calcium free solution with EGTA 2 mM (Chen and Tsai, 1996). Because procaine (10 mM) elicited bursts of potential in both calcium free media tested, following experiment was tested using calcium free solution containing cobalt ion.…”