Slow erosion of a quantitative apple resistance to Venturia inaequalis based on an isolate-specific Quantitative Trait Locus

Caffier, Valérie; Cam, Bruno Le; Rifaï, Mehdi Al; Bellanger, Marie-Noëlle; Comby, Morgane; Denancé, Caroline; Didelot, Frédérique; Expert, Pascale; Kerdraon, Tifenn; Lemarquand, Arnaud; Ravon, Elisa; Durel, Charles Eric

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.016

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This time-scale effect is consistent with theoretical results suggesting that counter-selection may occur during interepidemic periods (van den Berg et al, 2011) and with experimental results obtained with other plant pathogens suggesting a functional, adaptive compromise between the parasitic and saprophytic survival stages (Abang et al, 2006;Sommerhalder et al, 2011;Laine & Barrès, 2013;Susi & Laine, 2013;Pasco et al, 2015). Caffier et al (2016) showed a slow erosion of quantitative resistance to Venturia inaequalis, conferred by a single isolate-specific QTL, in apple trees. Aggressive isolates were selected, but no change in aggressiveness or in the frequency of the most aggressive isolates was detected over an eight-year period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The investigation of changes in aggressiveness has paid little attention to the degree of aggressiveness itself, and the most significant changes have been established over the course of an annual epidemic in field experiments with partially resistant cultivars or cultivar mixtures (Newton & McGurk, 1991;Montarry et al, 2008;Caffier et al, 2016;Delmas et al, 2016). In several cases, evolution of aggressiveness was found to be independent of host genetic background or of the virulence genes present in the pathogen population (Andrivon et al, 2007;Villaréal & Lannou, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiological trade-off between intra- and interannual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population

Suffert

Goyeau

Sache

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-This preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (http://dx.doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100039). The efficiency of plant resistance to fungal pathogen populations is expected to decrease over time, due to its evolution with an increase in the frequency of virulent or highly aggressive strains. This dynamics may differ depending on the scale investigated (annual or pluriannual), particularly for annual crop pathogens with both sexual and asexual reproduction cycles. We assessed this time-scale effect, by comparing aggressiveness changes in a local Zymoseptoria tritici population over an eight-month cropping season and a six-year period of wheat monoculture. We collected two pairs of subpopulations to represent the annual and pluriannual scales: from leaf lesions at the beginning and end of a single annual epidemic, and from crop debris at the beginning and end of a six-year period. We assessed two aggressiveness traits -latent period and lesion size -on sympatric and allopatric host varieties. A trend toward decreased latent period concomitant with a significant loss of variability was established during the course of the annual epidemic, but not over the six-year period. Furthermore, a significant cultivar effect (sympatric vs. allopatric) on the average aggressiveness of the isolates revealed host adaptation, arguing that the observed patterns could result from selection. We thus provide an experimental body of evidence of an epidemiological trade-off between the intra-and interannual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population. More aggressive isolates were collected from upper leaves, on which disease severity is usually lower than on the lower part of the plants left in the field as crop debris after harvest. We suggest that these isolates play little role in sexual reproduction, due to an Allee effect (difficulty finding mates at low pathogen densities), particularly as the upper parts of the plant are removed from the field, explaining the lack of transmission of increases in aggressiveness between epidemics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological trade-off between intra- and interannual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population

Suffert

Goyeau

Sache

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…lation experiment was detected measuring the quantitative trait adopted (the diseased leaf area) and using a linear model; (b) using the "local versus foreign" criterion (ΔLF, defined in the introduction) on the same trait, a local adaptation pattern was detected for resistant cultivars in Cuba and the Dominican Republic; and (c) the Q ST parameter was estimated from the same trait and a significant Q ST > F ST was detected on resistant cultivars in both countries, supporting the existence of host selection on those cultivars. Some similar results have been published recently, but only for a few other plant pathogenic fungi(Caffier et al, 2016;Frézal et al, 2018).Local adaptation was not detected on the susceptible cultivars for which P. fijiensis samples were collected when compared with resistant cultivars. The constraints exerted on the pathogen infection of those cultivars might have been lower and did not induce an adaptive response or made it more difficult to detect.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Pattern of local adaptation to quantitative host resistance in a major pathogen of a perennial crop

Dumartinet

Abadie

Bonnot

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the mechanisms involved in pathogen adaptation to quantitative resistance in plants has a key role to play in establishing durable strategies for resistance deployment, especially in perennial crops. The erosion of quantitative resistance has been recently suspected in Cuba and the Dominican Republic for a major fungal pathogen of such a crop: Pseudocercospora fijiensis, causing black leaf streak disease on banana. This study set out to test whether such erosion has resulted from an adaptation of P. fijiensis populations, and to determine whether or not the adaptation is local. Almost 600 P. fijiensis isolates from Cuba and the Dominican Republic were sampled using a paired‐population sampling design on resistant and susceptible banana varieties. A low genetic structure of the P. fijiensis populations was detected in each country using 16 microsatellite markers. Cross‐inoculation experiments using isolates from susceptible and resistant cultivars were carried out, measuring a quantitative trait (the diseased leaf area) related to pathogen fitness on three varieties. A further analysis based on those data suggested the existence of a local pattern of adaptation to resistant cultivars in both of the study countries, due to the existence of specific (or genotype by genotype) host–pathogen interactions. However, neither cost nor benefit effects for adapted populations were found on the widely used “Cavendish” banana group. These results highlight the need to study specific host–pathogen interactions and pathogen adaptation on a wide range of quantitative resistance phenotypes in banana, in order to develop durable strategies for resistance deployment.

show abstract

“…before and after penetration of the plant tissue by the pathogen, during colonization of the tissues or during sporulation (Schulze et al, 2005;Malnoy et al, 2008;Bus et al, 2010;Chung et al, 2010;Clark et al, 2014). However, erosion of quantitative resistance can also occur and has been shown, for instance, for apple scab (Caffier et al, 2014(Caffier et al, , 2016, grapevine downy mildew (Delmotte et al, 2014) and potato late blight (Andrivon et al, 2007). Cumulation of a high number of QRLs in the same cultivar (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown experimentally that the efficiency of the resistance conferred by three of these QRLs, detected on the linkage groups LG1, LG11 and LG17 (Durel et al, 2003(Durel et al, , 2004Liebhard et al, 2003;Calenge et al, 2004), decreased over time in the orchard when used alone. The selection for aggressive isolates by the QRLs resulted in a slow erosion or complete breakdown of the resistance, depending on the QRL deployed (Caffier et al, 2014(Caffier et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of pyramiding of three quantitative resistance loci to apple scab

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantitative plant resistance is supposed to be more durable than qualitative resistance for the control of plant diseases. However, it has been experimentally shown that erosion of quantitative resistance can occur. Cumulation of quantitative resistance loci (QRLs) in the same cultivar is considered to improve the efficiency and durability of quantitative resistance, but the choice of QRLs to be combined is of crucial importance. This study investigated whether the combination of QRLs acting on different stages of pathogen development could improve the efficiency of resistance in the apple scab pathosystem. The efficiencies of three QRLs were evaluated against 10 isolates of Venturia inaequalis and the stages of pathogen development that were affected by the QRLs were defined microscopically. A gain in the efficiency of resistance was observed when QRLs were pyramided compared to when they acted alone. Thanks to the combined effects of the individual QRLs, the pyramiding of the three QRLs hindered fungal development at different stages: before the penetration of the plant cuticule, after the penetration with hypersensitivity reaction, and during the colonization and asexual reproduction. These effects were dependent on the V. inaequalis isolates. These results suggest that the gain in efficiency of resistance by pyramiding may derive from the combination of different and complementary molecular mechanisms underlying QRLs. Thus, the resistance achieved from pyramiding such a combination of QRLs should be durable.

show abstract

Slow erosion of a quantitative apple resistance to Venturia inaequalis based on an isolate-specific Quantitative Trait Locus

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Epidemiological trade-off between intra- and interannual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population

Epidemiological trade-off between intra- and interannual scales in the evolution of aggressiveness in a local plant pathogen population

Pattern of local adaptation to quantitative host resistance in a major pathogen of a perennial crop

Efficiency of pyramiding of three quantitative resistance loci to apple scab

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About