Slow-DEET-Release Mosquito-Repellent System Based on Poly(butylene succinate)

Abstract

Bio-sourced and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) strands containing up to 40 m% mosquito-repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were obtained by extrusion, for an initial evaluation of the DEET evaporation characteristics and the possible application of such strands as biodegradable slow-release repellent-delivery devices. For DEET concentrations up to 20 m%, DEET is entrapped in the semicrystalline spherulitic superstructure of PBS. In contrast, at higher DEET concentrations, the liquid repellent, at least partially, is not fully incorporated in the PBS spherulites rather than segregates to form an own macrophase. Quantification of the release of DEET to the environment by thermogravimetric analysis at different temperatures between 60 and 100 °C allowed estimation of the evaporation rate at lower service temperatures, suggesting an extremely low release rate with a time constant of the order of magnitude of 1−2 years at 25 °C, independent of the initial concentration.

Structure, Properties, and Release Kinetics of the Polymer/Insect Repellent System Poly (l-Lactic Acid)/Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate (PLLA/IR3535)

“…Obviously, the obtained surface of neat PLLA is rather smooth and flat, indicating brittle fracture, while the surface of the PLLA/IR3535 mixture containing 23 m% IR3535 seems structured, revealing reduced brittleness compared to unmodified PLLA. In addition, a skin-core morphology, which could develop during solidification of the strands in the presence of a temperature gradient when extruding into a water bath [59], as occasionally observed and possibly affecting the repellent release rate, is absent [60][61][62]. Additionally, in the case of the SEM images, polymer/liquid phase separation and polymer crystallization are not detected.…”

Effect of support on palladium catalyst for aqueous-phase hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid

“…More importantly, SA is also one of the key raw materials for the synthesis of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS). As is well known, PBS is a kind of biodegradable polyester plastic which has attracted great attentions due to its excellent biodegradability, low-temperature thermoplasticity, natural ber compatibility and exibility [10]. The demand for PBS is expected to continue growing because of the sustainable development, and the limited SA production capacity will become the bottleneck of the PBS industry.…”

Incorporation of N,N,‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide within electrospun nylon‐6/6 nanofibers

“…N'Guessan et al treated mosquito nets with and melamine‐encapsulated DEET formulation with 3–6 months of activity 26 . Finally, microencapsulation has been employed to extend lifetime of DEET to over 9 h in methacrylate nanospheres, 27 and 1–2 years in extruded poly(butylene succinate) strands, however the repellency of the latter was not determined 28 …”

“…26 Finally, microencapsulation has been employed to extend lifetime of DEET to over 9 h in methacrylate nanospheres, 27 and 1-2 years in extruded poly(butylene succinate) strands, however the repellency of the latter was not determined. 28 Another promising method of incorporating a target molecule into a polymeric matrix is electrospinning, which is a facile method of fabricating polymeric nanofibers.…”