Slow dark discharge rhythms of cat retinal ganglion cells.

Rodieck, R. W.; Smith, Pamela S.

doi:10.1152/jn.1966.29.5.942

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…There was considerable variability in mean rate among cells of the same type, especially in the dark, also consistent with previous work (Rodieck and Smith, 1966;Rodieck, 1967). Because the experiments that follow were done in the presence of synaptic antagonists rendering the retina insensitive to light, the dark adaptational state of the retina was not maintained, and recordings were performed under light-adapted conditions (see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Maintained Activitysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In OFF RGCs, basal glutamate input is low at moderate levels of light adaptation (Demb et al, 2001;Zaghloul et al, 2003). However, even at bright backgrounds when basal release from OFF bipolars would be expected to be at a minimum, the firing rate of OFF RGCs does not decrease accordingly (Rodieck and Smith, 1966;Rodieck, 1967;Barlow and Levick, 1969). In this situation, it is possible that spontaneous activity assumes a more prominent role, which could affect the relationship between firing rate and light intensity.…”

Section: Function Of Spontaneous Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Margolis¹,

Detwiler²

2007

J. Neurosci.

194

327

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Neuronal discharge is driven by either synaptic input or cell-autonomous intrinsic pacemaker activity. It is commonly assumed that the resting spike activity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output cells of the retina, is driven synaptically, because retinal photoreceptors and second-order cells tonically release neurotransmitter. Here we show that ON and OFF RGCs generate maintained activity through different mechanisms: ON cells depend on tonic excitatory input to drive resting activity, whereas OFF cells continue to fire in the absence of synaptic input. In addition to spontaneous activity, OFF cells exhibit other properties of pacemaker neurons, including subthreshold oscillations, burst firing, and rebound excitation. Thus, variable weighting of synaptic mechanisms and intrinsic properties underlies differences in the generation of maintained activity in these parallel retinal pathways.

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Section: Maintained Activitysupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Function Of Spontaneous Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Margolis¹,

Detwiler²

2007

J. Neurosci.

194

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Dark rearing does not affect the spontaneous activity of visual centers (Kuffler, Fitzhugh and Barlow, 1957;Rodieck an Smith, 1966;Burke and Hayhow, 1968), and causes similar changes in the lateral geniculate, viz decrease in synaptic density and increase in the size of synaptic contacts (Cragg, 1969) as described above for the visual cortex. Monocular deprivation of pattern vision caused similar morphological changes even though scattered light reaches the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex

Fifková

1969

J. Neurobiol.

120

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SUMMARYThe effect of visual deprivation on synaptic contacts in the visual cortex was studied with the electron microscope. The deprivation was achieved by unilateral lid suture in 14-day old white rats before eye opening after which the animals were kept for 8 weeks. The density and the size of synaptic contacts in the upper part of the visual cortex (from the surface of layer I1 up to V) were estimated. The mean density of synapses of the visual cortex supplied by the deprived eye was 20% less than on the control side, the upper levels of the cortex being more affected. The mean size of synaptic contacts was larger (+7.5%) in the upper levels of the deprived cortex. No right left difference in density and size were found in control animals.

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“…Kuffler, Fitzhugh & Barlow, 1957;Bornschein, 1958;Doty & Kimura, 1963;Rodieck & Smith, 1966;Rodieck, 1967) that there is normally a maintained discharge in retinal ganglion cells in the complete absence DISUSE IN LON 511 W. BURKE AND W. R. HAYHOW of light. This is very relevant to our experiments on cats kept in darkness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well-known, of course, that retinal ganglion cells continue to discharge even after several hours of darkness (e.g. Kuffler et al 1957;Bornschein, 1958;Doty & Kimura, 1963;Rodieck & Smith, 1966;Rodieck, 1967). There is now good reason to think that this discharge continues indefinitely and has significant trophic effects on the LGN cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disuse in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat

Burke¹,

Hayhow²

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. An attempt has been made to produce disuse in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat, in the synapses between the optic nerve fibres and the principal cells of the nucleus. Evidence is produced that destruction of the visual receptor cells by iodoacetate or 1,5-di(p-aminophenoxy) pentane dihydrochloride effectively silences the optic nerve discharge and so achieves this result.2. Disuse of the LGN synapses does not cause any decrease in synaptic efficiency. The LGN response to a single stimulus to the optic nerve was not appreciably altered, and the depression which normally follows single or repeated stimuli was much reduced or absent. This increased responsiveness was unaffected by prolonged tetanization of the optic nerve during the experiment.3. Two possible explanations of the increased responsiveness are suggested: a post-synaptic 'decentralization '-hypersensitivity and an increased output of transmitter per impulse. The relevance of these results to theories of learning is discussed.4. The LGN response of adult cats kept in complete darkness for periods of up to 966 days was not appreciably different from that in the normal cat and there was little or no increased responsiveness. This suggests that many retinal ganglion cells continue to discharge in total darkness for long periods. There is a possibility that disuse may develop after a long time in the dark.

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Slow dark discharge rhythms of cat retinal ganglion cells.

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex

Disuse in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat

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