Slow arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)

Clark, Melody S.; Souster, Terri

doi:10.3354/ab00435

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Environmental variables, such as food and physical factors that is, salinity, temperature and pH, can affect the regeneration rate . Nevertheless, these factors are not relevant to our experimental tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during starfish arm regeneration

Khadra

Ferrario

Benedetto

et al. 2015

Wound Repair Regeneration

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The red starfish Echinaster sepositus is an excellent model for studying arm regeneration processes following traumatic amputation. The initial repair phase was described in a previous paper in terms of the early cicatrisation phenomena, and tissue and cell involvement. In this work we attempt to provide a further comprehensive description of the later regenerative stages in this species. Here we present the results of a detailed microscopic and submicroscopic investigation of the long regenerative phase, which can be subdivided into two sub-phases: early and advanced regenerative phases. The early regenerative phase (1-6 weeks p.a.) is characterized by tissue rearrangement, morphogenetic processes and initial differentiation events (mainly neurogenesis and skeletogenesis). The advanced regenerative phase (after 6 weeks p.a.) is characterized by further differentiation processes (early myogenesis), and obvious morphogenesis and re-growth of the regenerate. As in other starfish, the regenerative process in E. sepositus is relatively slow in comparison with that of crinoids and many ophiuroids, which is usually interpreted as resulting mainly from sizerelated aspects and of the more conspicuous involvement of morphallactic processes. Light and electron microscopy analyses suggest that some of the amputated structures, such as muscles, are not able to replace their missing parts by directly regrowing them from the remaining tissues, whereas others tissues, such as the skeleton and the radial nerve cord, appear to undergo direct re-growth. The overall process is in agreement with the distalizationintercalation model proposed by Agata and co-workers (1). Further experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during starfish arm regeneration

Khadra

Ferrario

Benedetto

et al. 2015

Wound Repair Regeneration

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“…Exceptions to this condition are those species living in extreme environmental conditions, such as the small Antarctic brittle stars Ophiura crassa and Ophionotus victoriae, where the repair phase is extremely delayed and the first signs of regrowth are visible only after several months (Clark et al, 2007;Clark and Souster, 2012). This delay, however, might be related to a generalized reduced metabolic rate due to cold waters (Hughes et al, 2011) or to different energy allocation (Lawrence, 2010).…”

Section: Regenerative Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration in Stellate Echinoderms: Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea

Khadra

Sugni

Ferrario

et al. 2018

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation

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Reparative regeneration is defined as the replacement of lost adult body parts and is a phenomenon widespread yet highly variable among animals. This raises the question of which key cellular and molecular mechanisms have to be implemented in order to efficiently and correctly replace entire body parts in any animal. To address this question, different studies using an integrated cellular and functional genomic approach to study regeneration in stellate echinoderms (crinoids, asteroids and ophiuroids) had been carried out over the last few years. The phylum Echinodermata is recognized for the striking regeneration potential shown by the members of its different clades. Indeed, stellate echinoderms are considered among the most useful and tractable experimental models for carrying comprehensive studies focused on ecological, developmental and evolutionary aspects. Moreover, most of them are tractable in the laboratory and, thus, should allow us to understand the underlying mechanisms, cellular and molecular, which are involved. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the cellular/histological components of the regenerative process in crinoids, asteroids and ophiuroids is described and compared. However, though this knowledge provided us with some clear insights into the global distribution of cell types at different times, it did not explain us how the recruited cells are specified (and from which precursors) over time and where are they located in the animal. The precise answer to these queries needs the incorporation of molecular approaches, both descriptive and functional. Yet, the molecular studies in stellate echinoderms are still limited to characterization of some gene families and protein factors involved in arm regeneration but, at present, have not shed light on most of the basic mechanisms. In this context, further studies are needed specifically to understand the role of regulatory factors and their spatio-temporal deployment in the growing arms. A focus on developing functional tools over the next few years should be of fundamental importance.

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“…Ophiurida was dominating in Borebukta and especially at the deepest depth intervals > 40 m, similarly in Włodarska-Kowalczuk and Pearson (2004) study, Ophiura robusta was associated with the deeper depths at the entrance to Kongsfjorden fjord (200-300m). The fact that Ophiurida were not present in our other studied bays suggests their preference for warmer water, especially since their metabolic rate increases substantially comparing to colder water(Wood et al 2010;Clark et al 2012). Meanwhile areas less effected by melting glacier had higher numbers of discretely motile or sedentary individuals and suspension lters as this was also seen in Adriabukta, that is glacier impact-free for over 100 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

Application of underwater imagery for the description of upper sublittoral benthic communities in glaciated and ice-free Arctic fjords

Medelytė

Šiaulys²,

Daunys³

et al. 2022

Polar Biol

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Complex bottom topography and the presence of oating ice signi cantly complicates the use of traditional sampling methods in Arctic coastal waters, forcing to look for alternative approaches. One such technique is underwater imagery, which has grown in popularity in recent decades based on its effectiveness in hard-to-reach places. We demonstrate that an underwater video mosaic can be a reliable method for comparative analysis of Arctic habitats under the glacier in uence and glacier in uence-free habitats. The lming was carried out in the upper sublittoral (2-65 m) of Hornsund and Isfjorden areas, representing two ice-free and two glaciated bays. Video footage was obtained using an ROV mounted and "drop-down" video cameras and transformed into 148 video mosaics. Based on the lowest possible taxonomic level, 31 biological features (morphospecies) were identi ed and ascribed to benthic functional groups based on their feeding and mobility type. The morphospecies and functional groups were used for the comparative analysis of benthic communities. The study found that melting glaciers have a stronger impact on the structure of benthic communities across geographical areas. Morphological and functional composition of macrofauna re ected conditions in glacier in uence and in uence-free, and turbid water riverine bays. We discovered greater abundances of motile scavengers in glacier in uence bays whereas glacier in uence-free bay had more sessile suspension lters and glacier in uence-free riverine bay was dominated by discreetly motile and deposit feeders. Underwater imagery mosaics have proven to be a fairly reliable tool for eldwork-e cient quantitative characterization of benthic communities in the hard-to-reach Arctic's upper sublittoral. HighlightsCombination of underwater imagery and morphospecies approaches provides su cient data to quantify the dominant macrobenthos forms in the arctic fjords.The morphospecies approach makes it possible to reveal the differences in the functional structure of the benthos in the periglacial and glacier in uence-free areas of the upper sublittoral.Underwater imagery may be recommended for eldwork-e cient assessment of benthos in conditions of complex bottom topography and the presence of oating ice.Consequently, this study highlights a greater in uence of melting glaciers on the structure of benthic communities than across geographical areas

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Slow arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Re‐growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during starfish arm regeneration

Re‐growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during starfish arm regeneration

Regeneration in Stellate Echinoderms: Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea

Application of underwater imagery for the description of upper sublittoral benthic communities in glaciated and ice-free Arctic fjords

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