Slow ammonia molecules in an electrostatic quadrupole guide

Junglen, Tobias; Rieger, Thomas; Rangwala, S. A.; Pinkse, Pepijn W. H.; Rempe, Gerhard

doi:10.1140/epjd/e2004-00130-3

Eur. Phys. J. D

2004

DOI: 10.1140/epjd/e2004-00130-3

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Slow ammonia molecules in an electrostatic quadrupole guide

Tobias Junglen

Thomas Rieger

S. A. Rangwala

et al.

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Cited by 57 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…3 and proofs the quadratic Stark shift of the guided molecules. Indeed, with the same apparatus it has been observed [4,6] that for H 2 CO and ND 3 (linear Stark molecules), the flux depends quadratically on V .…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Avoided level crossings are neither expected nor found, and second-order perturbation theory is a reasonable approximation for the Stark shift computation of H 2 O and D 2 O. Moreover, since the contribution to the perturbation from each coupled pair of states is inversely proportional to the energy gap between the pair, the shift will be proportional to the density of (rotational) Our apparatus [4] is depicted in Fig. 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…RbCs [2]. Alternatively, cold dilute gas ensembles can be created by buffer-gas loading [3] or electric-field manipulation of naturally occurring molecules like ND 3 [4,5], H 2 CO [6], metastables like CO [7] or radicals like YbF [8], OH [9], NH [10]. So far all the cold molecules made available with electric-field-based methods have a Stark effect (in their relevant states) which is predominantly linear in the important range up to 150 kV/cm.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Water vapor at a translational temperature of1K

et al. 2006

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We report the creation of a confined slow beam of heavy-water (D2O) molecules with a translational temperature around 1 kelvin. This is achieved by filtering slow D2O from a thermal ensemble with inhomogeneous static electric fields exploiting the quadratic Stark shift of D2O. All previous demonstrations of electric field manipulation of cold dipolar molecules rely on a predominantly linear Stark shift. Further, on the basis of elementary molecular properties and our filtering technique we argue that our D2O beam contains molecules in only a few ro-vibrational states. Cold dilute molecular systems are rapidly emerging as a front line area at the interface of quantum optics and condensed matter physics [1]. An increasing subset of this activity centers around the creation of cold dilute gases of molecules possessing electric dipole moments. These in particular, owing to their long-range anisotropic interaction, hold the promise of novel physics, where twoand many-body quantum properties can be systematically studied. Cold dilute gases of dipolar molecules can be produced by forging a tight bond between two chemically distinct species of laser-cooled atoms, e.g. RbCs [2]. Alternatively, cold dilute gas ensembles can be created by buffer-gas loading [3] Here we report the creation of a slow beam of heavywater (D 2 O) molecules, which experience a quadratic Stark effect. The cold D 2 O molecules are filtered from a room-temperature thermal gas [6] and have a translational temperature around 1 kelvin. Because the Stark shifts are quadratic in the electric field, it follows that forces exerted by inhomogeneous electric fields are relatively small for D 2 O compared to molecules with similar dipole moments but with linear Stark shifts. It is therefore by no means obvious that significant quantities of slow D 2 O molecules can be produced by means of electric-field-based methods. Our experimental result therefore underlines the versatility of the velocityfiltering method. It is an enabling step towards future trapping of molecules for which the ratio of elastic to inelastic collisions is expected to be more favorable than for molecules with linear Stark shifts [11]. An additional advantage of the quadratically Stark-shifted molecules like D 2 O is the possibility to perform precise spectroscopic measurements insensitive to stray electric fields, to the first order. Moreover, water is abundant in interstellar space at low densities and temperatures from a few kelvin upward, playing an important role in the chemistry of molecular clouds [12]. The conditions in these clouds are remarkably close to those achieved in our experiment, opening up the possibility to investigate in the laboratory chemical reactions under conditions found in space.This Letter is structured as follows. First we discuss general features of Stark shifts of molecular states with particular references to D 2 O. We then present our experimental work with D 2 O. This is followed by arguing from first principles that the resulting beam of D 2 O is domina...

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

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Water vapor at a translational temperature of1K

et al. 2006

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“…Tunneling becomes the dominant reaction pathway, leading the the exciting possibility of controlling chemical reactions [9,10]. Considerable progress has been made in the direct cooling of molecules, yielding larger numbers and colder temperatures in the millikelvin range [11][12][13]. In addition, photoassociation of bi-alkali mixtures has produced molecules already in the ultracold regime, though vibrationally hot [14,15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Zeeman Relaxation of CaF in Low-Temperature Collisions with Helium

et al. 2005

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“…An additional annular guide around the periphery of the rotating disk enables continuous operation. The capabilities and the universality of our technique are demonstrated by deceleration of three species, CH 3 F, CF 3 H, and CF 3 CCH, from a liquid-nitrogen-cooled source [12] with different initial kinetic energies of the order of 100 K. Output beams with intensities of several 10 9 mm À2 s À1 for molecules with kinetic energies below 1 K are achieved. Even higher intensities are expected for molecules from a supersonic beam or a cryogenic buffer-gas cell [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Slowing Continuous Molecular Beams in a Rotating Spiral

Osterwalder¹

2014

Physics

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Producing large samples of slow molecules from thermal-velocity ensembles is a formidable challenge. Here we employ a centrifugal force to produce a continuous molecular beam with a high flux at near-zero velocities. We demonstrate deceleration of three electrically guided molecular species, CH 3 F, CF 3 H, and CF 3 CCH, with input velocities of up to 200 m s À1 to obtain beams with velocities below 15 m s À1 and intensities of several 10 9 mm À2 s À1 . The centrifuge decelerator is easy to operate and can, in principle, slow down any guidable particle. It has the potential to become a standard technique for continuous deceleration of molecules.

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Slow ammonia molecules in an electrostatic quadrupole guide

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Water vapor at a translational temperature of1K

Water vapor at a translational temperature of1K

Zeeman Relaxation of CaF in Low-Temperature Collisions with Helium

Slowing Continuous Molecular Beams in a Rotating Spiral

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