Slovakia

Stankoviansky, Miloš; Fulajtár, Emil; Jambor, Pavel

doi:10.1002/0470859202.ch11

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Kaiser () was probably the first to make ‘visual' field‐based estimates of volumes of soil eroded in Washington State, USA, between 1940 and 1976. A number of eastern European workers estimated volumes eroded in the 1950s and 1960s (for references see Evans, ; Lobotka, 1955 in Stankoviansky et al ., ), but the number of fields examined was small. In the 1970s, and especially the 1980s, estimates of volumes of soil eroded in rills and gullies were made in many locations in Britain in both individual fields affected by particular storms (see Evans, ; for references) or in many fields within a region (Speirs & Frost, ), or a particular locality was monitored over a number of years (Evans, ; Chambers & Garwood, ; Boardman, ; Watson & Evans, ).…”

Section: Assessing Erosion Of Cultivated Landmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment and monitoring of accelerated water erosion of cultivated land – when will reality be acknowledged?

Evans

2012

Soil Use and Management

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Soil erosion is a key issue in Europe, and strategies to protect soil need to be developed. Hence, eroding soils or those at risk of erosion need to be identified. Much model-derived information on rates of erosion and on erosion risk of cultivated land may be of dubious value, and thus, there is need for other ways to assess erosion. Field-based assessment is one approach for assessing and monitoring erosion and gives information that can be used at a variety of scales. In this review paper, the continuing use of models that predict potential erosion is questioned, and it is argued that there is a need for more field-based assessment and monitoring of water erosion with monitoring at frequent intervals. Such monitoring allows the magnitude of the erosion problem to be assessed properly, and thus, the physical, social and economic factors that drive erosion can be better analysed and addressed. Field-based erosion monitoring should be undertaken in all global environments, and then the results can be used to validate those from models of potential erosion.

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Section: Assessing Erosion Of Cultivated Landmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment and monitoring of accelerated water erosion of cultivated land – when will reality be acknowledged?

Evans

2012

Soil Use and Management

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“…In Central Europe, the highest soil losses appeared in the beginning of the 14th century in connection with cooler climate, high rainfall, and the growing contribution of cultivated land (Bork & Lang, ; Dostal et al, ; Dotterweich, ; Dreibrodt, Lubos, Terhorst, Damm, & Bork, ; Stankoviansky, Fulajtár, & Jambor, ). Soil erosion increased again drastically between the second half of the 18th and 19th centuries, when root crops were introduced (Dotterweich, ), resulting in gully development and shallow landslides (Bork & Lang, ; Dotterweich, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In effect, in the Western Polish Carpathians occupied by a Polish population, relatively small LULC changes were noted (Bucała‐Hrabia, ), and they did not significantly change the course and intensity of soil erosion prevailing in the 19th century (Gil, ; Kijowska‐Strugała & Demczuk, ). Individual small farms still dominated the ownership system of the Western Polish Carpathians (Soja, ), in contrast to other Central European countries (Bičik, Jelecek, & Stepanek, ; Bičik, Kupková, & Štych, ; Cebecauer & Hofierka, ; Jepsen et al, ) where collectivisation of farms caused the rise of soil losses (Dostal et al, ; Dotterweich, ; Stankoviansky et al, ; Szilassi, Jordan, Van Rompaey, & Csillag, ; Van Rompaey, Krasa, & Dostal, ). By contrast, the Eastern Polish Carpathians experienced population displacement of its Ukrainian inhabitants in 1947 (Soja, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term impact of land use changes on soil erosion in an agricultural catchment (in the Western Polish Carpathians)

2018

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The change in land use and land cover (LULC) from natural vegetation to agricultural in mountain areas usually dramatically accelerates soil erosion rates if the land is used for crop production. The aim of research was to calculate soil erosion magnitude basing on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in response to long‐term changes in LULC in an agricultural Homerka catchment (19.3 km2) of the Polish Carpathians. The changes in LULC were derived from cadastral maps for 1846 and orthophotomaps for 2009. Three variants with different factors, rainfall–run‐off erosivity (R), practice support (P), and LULC, were analysed to investigate which has had the greatest impact on soil erosion changes over the last 160 years. An increase in forest area (by 67.81%) and decrease in cultivated land (by 91.94%) were observed, primarily due to the collapse of the communist system. The estimated soil erosion using the RUSLE model in the analysed catchment decreased by 77% (from 18.13 t ha−1 yr−1 in 1846 to 4.11 t ha−1 yr−1 in 2009). The long‐term changes in soil erosion rates and their spatial distribution are mainly associated with transformation from cultivated land to forest or grassland. The P factor was responsible for reduction of soil erosion rates by 8%, a minor impact. Over the last 160 years, the average and maximum annual precipitation changes were also statistically insignificant. Results reveal a dominant role of human impact, particularly with respect to LULC on soil erosion changes in mid‐mountain areas.

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“…In Slovakia, the term muddy flood was first used by Stankoviansky (1997) but several studies of the phenomena had been carried out previously (Stankoviansky et al ., 2006).…”

Section: The Term ‘Muddy Flood’ and The Development Of The Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also in Slovakia, Lehotsky (1999) used dendrogeomorphological approaches to date muddy flood deposits. Stankoviansky et al (2006) mention the use of municipal records, interviews with local people, TV and newpaper reports, in assembling records of muddy flooding.…”

Section: Databases For Muddy Flood Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A short history of muddy floods

Boardman

2010

Land Degrad Dev

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The term 'muddy flood' has been used widely in the lowland, arable areas of western and central Europe to describe muddy runoff from arable fields that causes damage to property. There is some evidence that muddy floods are much more frequent in the last two decades than previously. It is clear though that there is very substantial under-reporting of the phenomena even in areas where they have been recognised for 20 years e.g. UK and France. Reconstructions based on questionnaires, news media and local authority records have had some success in historical analysis of muddy flood frequency but there is still a huge data deficiency. Records from some countries are woefully lacking e.g. Germany, Spain and Italy.Costs of muddy flooding are substantial especially in the loess belt of Belgium. The number of properties flooded in France suggests also that costs are high; similarly in England (UK) where costs for case studies are known but not for the country as a whole.There are two quite different solutions to the problem of muddy flooding. Protection can be provided by engineering devices: retention ponds, dams, trenches. This is an 'end of pipe' solution with severe cost implications and risks with regard to the design return period. Alternatively, land use change on relatively small areas of catchments, can be shown to be effective at reducing flood-risk hazard. A combination of the two has proved most effective at several sites in Europe.

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Slovakia

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Assessment and monitoring of accelerated water erosion of cultivated land – when will reality be acknowledged?

Assessment and monitoring of accelerated water erosion of cultivated land – when will reality be acknowledged?

Long‐term impact of land use changes on soil erosion in an agricultural catchment (in the Western Polish Carpathians)

A short history of muddy floods

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