“…As a representative of continuum‐based methods, the finite element method 16 and boundary elements method 17 with the introduced chemical damage scalars or tensors have been adapted for the study of chemical effect on rocks. Although, several efforts have been made to overcome the drawbacks in mesh deformation, 18 such as using linear elastic fracture with stress intensity factors (SIFs) in extended finite element method (XFEM) 19 and damage‐based models in rock failure process analysis (RFPA), 20 difficulties still exist in convergence and simulation of post‐failure stage 21 …”
Hydro‐chemical erosion has critical effects on the short‐ and long‐term stability of fractured rock masses in subsurface engineering. Attempts have been made to study this water‐rock interaction process using numerical approaches. However, the majority of the existing approaches quantify the degradation based on the homogeneity hypothesis, which leads to unrealistic results in the case of rock mass with discontinuities. In this study, the hydro‐chemical degradation is represented through geometrical variation of a single crack and reflected in the modified bilinear constitutive model by introducing the hydro‐chemical damage factor. Then, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method embedded in such improvements is chosen to implement the direct shearing process of the rock fracture after hydro‐chemical erosion. The results reveal that the peak shear strength decrease with the increase in the acidity solutions, and a logarithmic relation is found between the decreasing percentage of shear properties and soaking time, which are consistent with the laboratory results. Besides, based on the proposed method, the change in peak shear strength presents synchronism with the variation in the mineral ion and H+${H}^ + $ concentration, shown to be in good agreement with the basic understanding of the dissolution process. In addition, the failure patterns of the sheared samples under different normal stress are studied. This research provides an effective tool to quantify the hydro‐chemical damage from the microscale and will be a significant complement to the coupled numerical analysis of the water‐rock interaction process.
“…As a representative of continuum‐based methods, the finite element method 16 and boundary elements method 17 with the introduced chemical damage scalars or tensors have been adapted for the study of chemical effect on rocks. Although, several efforts have been made to overcome the drawbacks in mesh deformation, 18 such as using linear elastic fracture with stress intensity factors (SIFs) in extended finite element method (XFEM) 19 and damage‐based models in rock failure process analysis (RFPA), 20 difficulties still exist in convergence and simulation of post‐failure stage 21 …”
Hydro‐chemical erosion has critical effects on the short‐ and long‐term stability of fractured rock masses in subsurface engineering. Attempts have been made to study this water‐rock interaction process using numerical approaches. However, the majority of the existing approaches quantify the degradation based on the homogeneity hypothesis, which leads to unrealistic results in the case of rock mass with discontinuities. In this study, the hydro‐chemical degradation is represented through geometrical variation of a single crack and reflected in the modified bilinear constitutive model by introducing the hydro‐chemical damage factor. Then, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method embedded in such improvements is chosen to implement the direct shearing process of the rock fracture after hydro‐chemical erosion. The results reveal that the peak shear strength decrease with the increase in the acidity solutions, and a logarithmic relation is found between the decreasing percentage of shear properties and soaking time, which are consistent with the laboratory results. Besides, based on the proposed method, the change in peak shear strength presents synchronism with the variation in the mineral ion and H+${H}^ + $ concentration, shown to be in good agreement with the basic understanding of the dissolution process. In addition, the failure patterns of the sheared samples under different normal stress are studied. This research provides an effective tool to quantify the hydro‐chemical damage from the microscale and will be a significant complement to the coupled numerical analysis of the water‐rock interaction process.
“…For example, Duncan et al 1) and Almeida et al 2) pointed out that material properties play a crucial role in slope failure. Li et al 3) and Abe et al 4) used numerical method modeling and analysis of complex geotechnical problems. Dey et al 5) studied the large deformation problem of landslide.…”
Landslide and slope failure are a continuous geological process, which should be analyzed through the whole process from pre-failure to post-failure. The transition of slope from stable to unstable conditions involves a major distortion of the soil and a change in constitutive behavior, where the post-peak strength degradation governs the response. Strain softening after soil peak strength is the point of concern throughout the whole analysis process, and its impact deserves to be discussed. In this study, the material point method (MPM) is used to analyze the whole process of slope failure with the strain softening elasto-plastic constitutive law. First, we verify the accuracy and necessity of considering strain softening for the slope stability stage and post-failure stage. In addition, the effects of softening parameters and soil spatial variability on the post-failure process are discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The strain softening behavior not only affect the slope stability, but also affect the runout characteristics of post-failure slope. (2) The softening stiffness S has no influence on the runout characteristics. (3) The MPM analysis for slope with soil strength spatial variability shows that the distribution of runout characteristics becomes wide due to strain softening.
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